Personal security is one of the many factors that must be assessed comprehensively when planning an urban competitiveness strategy. The aim this article to assess competitive position social environment cities in terms with regard time and other competing cities. Having conducted a systemic comparative analysis concepts published scientific literature, we analysed sustainable environment, revie...

We consider the asymmetric random average process (ARAP) with continuous mass variables and parallel discrete time dynamics studied recently by Krug/Garcia and Rajesh/Majumdar [both Jrl. Stat. Phys. 99 (2000)]. The model is defined by an arbitrary state-independent fraction density function φ(r) with support on the unit interval. We examine the exactness of mean-field steady-state mass distribu...

BACKGROUND/AIM Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, has an important role in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to determine MK expression in breast tissue and the preoperative and postoperative serum levels of patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one patients with breast cancer participated in our study. The MK serum levels were measured pre- and post...

Midkine (MK) expression has been documented to be inversely correlated with the prognosis of patients with various tumors, but the mechanism of this relationship has not been well characterized. Recent studies have also correlated p53 expression with prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated the relationship between MK expression and clinicopathological featur...

BACKGROUND Midkine is a heparin-binding cytokine and is involved in etiology of various diseases. Thus, midkine inhibitors are expected to be helpful in treatment of many diseases. METHODS We developed a simple assay for midkine activity based on midkine-dependent migration of osteblastic cells. Midkine inhibitors were searched as materials that inhibit this midkine activity. To develop pepti...

Midkine (Mdk) genes have been revealed to have different expression patterns in vertebrates and therefore, additional studies on Mdk expression patterns are required in more species. In this study, CagMdkb has been cloned and characterized from a SMART cDNA library of 10-somite stage embryos of Carassius auratus gibelio. Its full length cDNA is 1091 bp and encodes a sequence of 147 amino acids,...

Estrogen is thought to protect against the development of chronic kidney disease, and menopause increases the development and severity of diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes in the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mouse model of menopause. DNA microarrays were used to identify gene expression changes in the diabetic kidney postmenopa...

Since its discovery midkine’s role in cancer has been validated extensively. Approximately 200 peer-reviewed publications have been released on the topic, including four within the last three months. These studies, by multiple research groups around the world, show that MK is a key driver of tumorigenesis in at least 25 different types of cancers, including those of the breast, lung, colorectal...

Since diagnosis at an early stage still remains a key issue for modern oncology and is crucial for successful cancer therapy, development of sensitive, specific, and non-invasive tumor markers, especially, in serum, is urgently needed. Midkine (MK), a plasma secreted protein, was initially identified in embryonal carcinoma cells at early stages of retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Multiple...