Design of modern engineering products requires complexity management. Several methodologies for complex system optimization have been developed in response. Single-level strategies centralize decision-making authority, while multi-level strategies distribute the decision-making process. This article studies the impact of coupling strength on single-level Multidisciplinary Design Optimization fo...

the medium density fiberboard (mdf) market demand was investigated during the years from 2004 to 2013 in iran. estimation of mdf demand was made by exponential smoothing method by the year 2018. the insight into the level of demand that might exist by the year 2013 was obtained by reviewing the production, import, export, and consumption of mdf on the iran. the results show that the consumption...

Epidemiology suggests that processed meat is associated with colorectal cancer risk, but few experimental studies support this association. We have shown that a model of cured meat made in a pilot workshop promotes preneoplastic lesions, mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the colon of rats. This study had two aims: to check if real store-bought processed meats also promote MDF, and to test if calcium...

Several object-oriented metrics have been developed and used in conjunction with the quality models to predict the overall quality of software. However, it may not be enough to propose metrics. The fundamental question may be of their validity, utility and reliability. It may be much significant to be sure that these metrics are really useful and for that their construct validity must be assure...

In this study, 4-mm-thick medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels were heat-treated at 140 °C for 30 or 60 min and at 180 °C for 30 or 60 min. Then, 10-mm-thick lightweight honeycomb paperboards made from kraft paper (130 g/m, cell diameter of honeycomb, 14 mm; compression strength, 0.21 N/mm) were faced with the untreated and heat-treated MDF panels (thickness: 4 mm) using a two-component polyu...

In this paper, we consider a state estimation problem over a bandwidth limited network. A sensor network consisting of N sensors is used to observe the states of M plants, but only p ≤ N sensors can transmit their measurements to a centralized estimator at each time. Therefore a suitable scheme that schedules the proper sensors to access the network at each time so that the total estimation err...

It is well known that strenuous eccentric exercise may result in muscle damage. We proposed that vigorous eccentric exercise (EE) would impair myoelectric activity of the biceps brachii. This study utilised a 7-day prospective time-series design. Ten healthy males performed a session of 70 maximal EE elbow flexion contractions. Analysis of surface electromyography activity (sEMG) was performed ...

To evaluate the time course of EMG frequency changes during a three-minute maximal effort cycling test (3MT) session and to examine which parameter between mean (MNF) and median (MDF) frequency is more suitable for evaluation of changes in neuromuscular function throughout a 3MT. Eighteen recreationally-active men volunteered to participate in this study. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was...

When children ask, "What is it?" are they seeking information about what something is called or what kind of thing it is? To find out, we gave 2-, 3-, and 4-year-olds (32 at each age) the opportunity to inquire about unfamiliar artifacts. An ambiguous question was answered with a name or with functional information, depending on the group to which the children were assigned. Children were incli...