in this paper we show that if q is a power of a prime p , then the projective special linear group psl(2, q) and the stabilizer of a point of the projective line have maximum sum element orders among all proper subgroups of projective general linear group pgl(2, q) for q odd and even respectively

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. By a proper ideal of a ring $R$,  we mean an ideal $I$ of $R$ such that $Ineq R$.  We say that a proper ideal $I$ of a ring $R$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $I$ is not a prime ideal of $R$ but any proper ideal $A$ of $R$ with $ Isubseteq A$ and $Ineq A$ is a prime ideal. That is, among all the proper ideals of $R$,...

Abstract A group G is said to be an FC -group if every conjugacy class of has finite order and a T subnormal subgroup normal in . In this paper we give characterization groups that are both -groups go further the study with few non-normal subgroups sense chain conditions. The structure satisfying maximal, minimal double condition on will described.

We consider topological Markov chains (also called Markov shifts) on countable graphs. We show that a transient graph can be extended to a recurrent graph of equal entropy which is either positive recurrent of null recurrent, and we give an example of each type. We extend the notion of local entropy to topological Markov chains and prove that a transitive Markov chain admits a measure of maxima...

The asymptotic study of the conjugacy classes of a random element of the finite affine group leads one to define a probability measure on the set of all partitions of all positive integers. Four different probabilistic understandings of this measure are given–three using symmetric function theory and one using Markov chains. This leads to non-trivial enumerative results. Cycle index generating ...

We consider a stochastic process in a modified Ehrenfest urn model. The modification prescribes there to be a minimum number of balls in each urn, and the process records the differences between treatment assignments under a sampling scheme implemented with this modified Ehrenfest urn model. In contrast to the result that the difference process forms a Markov chain and converges to a stationary...

A stochastic graph game is played by two players on a game graph with probabilistic transitions. We consider stochastic graph games with ω-regular winning conditions specified as Rabin or Streett objectives. These games are NP-complete and coNP-complete, respectively. The value of the game for a player at a state s given an objective Φ is the maximal probability that the player can guarantee th...