Hypoxia-stimulated erythropoiesis, such as that observed when red blood cell volume (RCV) increases in response to high-altitude exposure, is well understood while the physiological importance is not. Maximal exercise tests are often performed in hypoxic conditions following some form of RCV manipulation in an attempt to elucidate oxygen transport limitations at moderate to high altitudes. Such...

The trace of a family of sets A on a set X is A|X = {A ∩ X : A ∈ A}. If A is a family of k-sets from an n-set such that for any r-subset X the trace A|X does not contain a maximal chain, then how large can A be? Patkós conjectured that, for n sufficiently large, the size of A is at most ( n−k+r−1 r−1 ) . Our aim in this paper is to prove this conjecture.

in this note we review a simple criterion, due to ekedahl, for superspecial curves defined over finite fields.using this we generalize and give some simple proofs for some well-known superspecial curves.

This discussion was sparked by an editorial critique by Sniderman et al regarding the 2010 Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) meta-analysis that suggested a statin ‘‘event’’ benefit from maximal lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There are two issues that deserve further attention: the components of the CTT study end points and, most importantly, the issue of reduction ...

The trace of a set F on a another set X is F |X = F ∩ X and the trace of a family F of sets on X is FX = {F |X : F ∈ F}. In this note we prove that if a k-uniform family F ⊂ ([n] k ) has the property that for any k-subset X the trace F|X does not contain a maximal chain (a family C0 ⊂ C1 ⊂ ... ⊂ Ck with |Ci| = i), then |F| ≤ ( n−1 k−1 ) . This bound is sharp as shown by {F ∈ ([n] k ) , 1 ∈ F}. ...

Interleukin (IL)-21, a cytokine produced by activated conventional CD4+ T lymphocytes and Natural Killer T cells, drives anti-tumor immunity in the skin and kidney. However IL-21 is also pro-inflammatory in many tissues and promotes colitis-associated colon cancer. Understanding the biology of IL-21 in these different situations is needed to ensure maximal therapeutic benefit.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation has a narrow window of opportunity. It must be started early and followed by defibrillation in a timely manner for maximal benefit. Many studies have demonstrated that health care providers trained in CPR lose their skills quickly. However, little research has been done to evaluate the retention of CPR skills in pre-clinical medical students prior to ...

All too often neglected, maximal quality improvement in the setting of lifelimiting illness and noxious symptomatology is a worthy medical, public health, and humanitarian goal. The World Health Organization estimates that, globally, about 60% of all people who die would benefit from palliative care before death; however, palliative care is not exclusively reserved for patients at the end of li...

‎in this paper‎, ‎the notion of the radical of a filter in‎ ‎residuated lattices is defined and several characterizations of‎ ‎the radical of a filter are given‎. ‎we show that if f is a‎ ‎positive implicative filter (or obstinate filter)‎, ‎then‎ ‎rad(f)=f‎. ‎we proved the extension theorem for radical of filters in residuated lattices‎. ‎also‎, ‎we study the radical‎ ‎of filters in linearly o...

we give a new proof of the well known wedderburn's little theorem (1905) that a finite‎ ‎division ring is commutative‎. ‎we apply the concept of frobenius kernel in frobenius representation theorem in finite group‎ ‎theory to build a proof‎.