a transcriptional regulator that in order to function has to dimerize with a specific partner protein, MAX. The MYC-MAX dimer regulates the expression of thousands of genes involved in fundamental cellular processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and apoptosis [1-3]. The discovery that MYC becomes overexpressed as a result of chromosomal rearr...

Exclusion of the transcription factor Max from the nucleus of retinal ganglion cells is an early, caspase-independent event of programmed cell death following damage to the optic axons. To test whether the loss of nuclear Max leads to a reduction in neuroprotection, we developed a procedure to overexpress Max protein in rat retinal tissue in vivo. A recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rA...

The basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLHZip) proteins Myc, Mad and Mnt are part of a transcription activation/repression system involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. The function of these proteins as transcription factors is mediated by heterodimerization with the small bHLHZip protein Max, which is required for their specific DNA binding to E-box sequences. We have identifie...

Given a 2-SAT formula F consisting of n variables and b n random clauses, what is the largest number of clauses maxF satisfiable by a single assignment of the variables? We bound the answer away from the trivial bounds of 34 n and n. We prove that for < 1, the expected number of clauses satisfiable is b n o(1); for large , it is ( 34 + (p ))n; for = 1 + ", it is at least (1 + " O("3))n and at m...

The MAX-SAT problem is to find a truth assignment that satisfies the maximum number of clauses in a finite set of logical clauses. In the special case of MAX-XOR-SAT, arising from Linear Cryptanalysis, each clause is a set of literals joined by exclusive-or (xor). Solving MAX-XOR-SAT is useful in finding keys to decrypt intercepted encrypted messages. This report presents and evaluates Xor-Walk...

Ground-based measurements of scattered sunlight by the Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) have been carried out at an urban site (39.95 N, 116.32 E) in Beijing megacity since 6 August 2008. In this study, we retrieved the tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) over Beijing from these MAX-DOAS observations from August 2008 to September 2011. Over this p...

The bHLH-ZIP protein Mad heterodimerizes with Max as a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor. Mad is rapidly induced upon differentiation, and the associated switch from Myc-Max to Mad-Max heterocomplexes seem to repress genes normally activated by Myc-Max. We have identified two related mammalian cDNAs that encode Mad-binding proteins. Both possess sequence homology with the yeast transc...

MAX is a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that plays a central role in the transcriptional control of Myc oncoproteins. MYC-MAX heterodimers stimulate transcription, whereas MAX homodimers, or heterodimers between MAX and members of the MAD family of basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper proteins, repress transcription. Max exists in two major isomeric forms, MAX(L) and MAX(S), whi...