Defensins are potent antimicrobial and proinflammatory peptides. The human neutrophil defensins human neutrophil peptide (HNP)-1-3 are synthesized as 94 amino acide (aa) preproHNPs, which are converted to 75 aa proHNPs by cotranslational removal of a 19 aa endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide. At the promyelocytic stage of myelopoiesis, proHNPs are further proteolytically modified and accumulat...

Information granules have been considered as the fundamental constructs of Granular Computing. As a useful unsupervised learning technique, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is one most frequently used methods to construct information granules. The FCM-based granulation–degranulation mechanism plays pivotal role in In this paper, enhance quality degranulation (reconstruction) process, we augment by introduci...

background:   after cervical discectomy, autogenetic bone is packed into the cage to increase the rate of :union: between adjacent vertebral bodies, but donor site–related complications can still occur. in this study we evaluate the use   of hydroxyapatite granules as a substitute for autograft for interbody fusion.     methods:   from november 2008 to november 2011, 236 patients participated i...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein thrombospondin (TSP) binds specifically to polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) surface receptors and promotes cell adhesion and motility. TSP receptor expression increases 30-fold after activation with the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) or the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, in combination with cytochalasin B. The expressi...

An approach was proposed to evaluate preparation technology by means of fingerprint-peak matching technology of high Performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Similarity and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were applied to identify the 15 batches of Xiaochaihu granules from different manufacturers and our laboratory, and peak pattern matching between the comp...

AIM To histologically assess the effectiveness of a socket-preservation technique using enzyme-treated equine bone granules as a bone-graft material in combination with an equine collagen matrix as a scaffold for soft-tissue regeneration. BACKGROUND Enzyme-treated equine bone granules and equine collagen matrix recently have been developed to help overcome alveolar bone deficiencies that deve...