Contemporary science is based on the claim that all reality is material or physical. There is no reality but material reality. Consciousness is a by-product of the physical activity of the brain. Matter is unconscious. Evolution is purposeless. This view is now undergoing a credibility crunch. The biggest problem of all for materialism is the existence of consciousness. Panpsychism provides a w...

Empirical arguments for materialism are highly circumstantial—based, as they are, upon inductions from our knowledge of the physical and upon the fact that mental phenomena have physical correlates, causes and effects. However, the qualitative characteristics of first-person conscious experience are empirically distinct from uncontroversially physical phenomena in being—at least on our present ...

s from these specific historic laws of the movement of population, which are indeed the history of the nature of humanity, the natural laws, but natural laws of humanity only at a specific historic development.. . . Malthusian man, abstracted from historically determined man, exists only in his brain: hence also the geometric method of reproduction corresponding to this natural Malthusian man.~...

The notion of materialism initially appears in the writings its Christian opponents late seventeenth-century England. Only eighteenth-century France is first posthumously claimed by a catholic priest, Meslier, and then authors such as La Mettrie d’Holbach, at risk persecution imprisonment: Diderot enjoys hospitality fortress Vincennes for rearranging materialist stance within his sensualist mul...