The problem of overlapping markup has often been addressed using variant syntaxes, milestones, standoff markup and other means. This proposal combines the use of co-indexed milestones with a table structure in a database, plus CONCUR namespaces and "common location" (markup tokens that have no intervening PCDATA) information to illustrate one way to "parse" XML with more information than is ava...

Despite the sub-language nature of taxonomic descriptions of plants, researchers warned about the large variations among different collections of descriptions in terms of information contents and presentations. These variations impose a serious challenge to the development of automatic tools for the semantic markup of large volumes of freetext descriptions. This paper presents a new approach to...

An increasing part of research in the Semantic Web has been directed at making data become the main concept of the web. Plenty of languages and specifications support this transition and work by inserting additional (semantic) markup into web documents. Yet, little attention is being paid to the possibility of expressing the actual structures of the documents in a form suitable for the semantic...

Research into software architectures has traditionally addressed architecture description languages and architectural styles. The industrial focus is on middleware-based approaches to software architecture. Middleware is layered between applications and network operating systems and aims to resolve heterogeneity and distribution in a transparent way. We present an architectural style that integ...

Abstract We study the role of markup dispersion and aggregate TFP for monetary transmission. Empirically, we show that response to policy shocks can account a significant fraction in first two years after shock. Analytically, heterogeneous price rigidity explain if firms have precautionary setting motive, which is present common New Keynesian environments. provide empirical evidence support thi...