In this study, considering the importance of incremental capital output ratio (ICOR) in agriculture Investment capital and self-sufficiency in this sector in order to grow and being influenced by the past and previous relationships strong agricultural sector productivity growth in other sectors of the economy, especially the effect of oil revenues, was trying to, long-term relationships as well...

..................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Marketing and innovation ..................................................................................................... 5 2. Strategic alliances as innovation key factor ....................................................................... 7 2.1. Th...

Much of the focus on the future of the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has been on the very real challenges of research productivity, the development of compelling clinical evidence demonstrating product effectiveness, post-marketing safety, and threats to pricing and reimbursement. Industry leaders, however, have paid less attention to the trends in the overall healthcare system t...

• Customer satisfaction: The result of optimizing and aligning business processes to fulfi ll customers’ needs, wants, and desires. • Cost reduction: The result of optimizing operations and supplier processes. • Cycle and fulfi llment time reduction: The result of optimizing the manufacturing and logistics processes. • Quality: The result of optimizing the design, development, and production pr...

This paper presents an approach to select the best farming strategy considering various criteria. The goal is to help a farmer to take appropriate decision in farming. Two possible alternatives are consideredConventional farming and Organic farming. These farming types are evaluated by MCDM technique taking into account three criteria viz. Productivity, Marketing, and Health-Environment Friendl...

Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Brian Ratchford and two anonymous referees of the Journal of Retailing for their careful and constructive critiques of an earlier version of the paper. We also acknowledge with gratitude the useful comments provided by participants of the workshop on Channel Productivity at the University of Mons, October 1996 and the UW Research in Marketing Camp, ...

a r t i c l e i n f o The authors propose a mediated moderation model that links marketing capability from an outside-in perspective, organizational adaptation mechanism exploitation and exploration, organizational structural factors, and new product development (NPD) performance. The model is tested using survey data from USA and China. The results suggest that marketing capability is positive...

We hypothesize that institutions such as agricultural cooperatives influence regional levels of variety diversity through input supply, processing or marketing functions. This diversity can also affect yield, a partial measure of crop productivity. We test these hypotheses with data from southern Italy, a mega-diversity spot and centre of diversity for durum wheat. Cooperatives in the southern ...

Smallholding in the cocoa sector has been seen as a hindrance to production and productivity growth due to the ageing of the cocoa farmers, limited access to credit, low level of education and low adoptability of innovations. In order to curb this, policy makers have resorted to implementing policy instruments that encourage the extension of small rural farms into larger farms, thereby undermin...

Development of the horticultural sector in the Mediterranean agricultural areas of Spain is closely linked to the activity of co-operative organisations for the production and marketing of produce. These entities are especially important in finding answers to current demand requirements in the food market, bearing in mind the small family-scale nature of many of the farm enterprises in this sec...