A number of CALL studies suggest the potential benefits of network-based communication for L2 acquisition, focusing on its nature for inducing negotiation of meaning. This study examined negotiation of meaning that took place between students and native speakers of Japanese over a series of chat conversations and attempted to categorize the difficulties encountered. The data showed that the dif...

Participants in a discourse sometimes fail to understand one another, but, when aware of the problem, collaborate upon or negotiate the meaning of a problematic utterance. To address nonunderstanding, we have developed two plan-based models of collaboration in identifying the correct referent of a description: one covers situations where both conversants know of the referent, and the other cove...

Participants in a discourse sometimes fail to understand one another, but, when aware of the problem, collaborate upon or negotiate the meaning of a problematic utterance. To address nonunderstanding, we have developed two plan-based models of collaboration in identifying the correct referent of a description: one covers situations where both conversants know of the referent, and the other cove...

negotiation, as an interactional strategy and proactive focus on form (fof) have received increased attention in second language research. the combination of negotiation and proactive fof, however, has not been examined in relation to l2 vocabulary learning. to address this gap, the present study investigated how the amount of negotiation and proactive fof impacted learners’ vocabulary knowledg...

From a discourse perspective, utterances may vary in at least two important respects: (i) they can occupy a different hierarchical position in a larger-scale information unit and (ii) they can represent different types of speech acts. Spoken language systems will improve if they adequately take into account both discourse segmentation and utterance purpose. An important question then is how suc...

The paper presents a corpus-based information-structural analysis of the German discourse particles aber and auch in the so-called post-initial position, i.e. between the pre-field constituent and the finite verb in main clauses. Based on corpus data, I argue that aber and auch in this position mark the boundary between the focus and the background of the sentence that hosts them. By doing this...

MExE (Mobile Execution Environment) is a standardised middleware platform in an MS (mobile station) where to execute 3 generation applications and services regardless of the operating system. It is one of the 3GPP’s (third generation partnership project) VHE (Virtual Home Environment) toolkits, perhaps the most complex but also the most flexible and diversified one. It enables a dynamic downloa...

This study describes how young Spanish-speaking children become gradually more adept at encoding temporality using grammar and discourse skills in intra-conversational narratives. The research involved parallel case studies of two Spanish-speaking children followed longitudinally from ages two to three. Type/token frequencies of verb tense, temporal/aspectual markers and narrative components we...