AIM To evaluate the influence of food habits, specifically adherence to the Mediterranean diet, on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaques in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and non-HIV-infected participants and to determine if HIV infection contributes independently to subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional stud...

It is well known that the two-sample Student t test fails to maintain its significance level when the variances of treatment groups are unequal, and, at the same time, sample sizes are unequal. However, introductory textbooks in psychology and education often maintain that the test is robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are equal. The present study discloses that, for a wide vari...

It is crucial to adapt and improve the (primary) health care systems of countries to prepare for future patient profiles and their related needs. The main aim of this study was to acquire a comprehensive overview of the perceptions of primary care experts in Singapore about the state of primary care in Singapore, and to compare this with the state of primary care in other countries. Notwithstan...

We present a general method for extracting the Gell Mann-Low logarithmic derivative of an e ective charge of an observable directly from data as a mean for empirically verifying the universal terms of the QCD -function. Our method avoids the biases implicit in tting to QCD-motivated forms as well as the interpolation errors introduced by constructing derivatives from discrete data. We also deri...

PURPOSE Investigations in the field of the learning competence that investigate the impact of the acquisition of new individual competence of those responsible for ophthalmologic clinics, by means of a MBA Administration in Health course, on the organizational modernity of ophthalmologic clinics. METHODS Survey using questionnaires applied to students and former students of the course and to ...

We tested whether the fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a monosex male group spends more energy and displays an agonistic profile, differently from males in male-female groups. Such differences are expected because males and females should compete for different reproductive resources. An intruder male (MM) or female (MF) was paired with a resident male and agonistic interaction was q...

BACKGROUND It has generally been argued that parametric statistics should not be applied to data with non-normal distributions. Empirical research has demonstrated that Mann-Whitney generally has greater power than the t-test unless data are sampled from the normal. In the case of randomized trials, we are typically interested in how an endpoint, such as blood pressure or pain, changes followin...

We consider the problem of comparing sojourn time distributions of a transient state in a general multistate system in two samples (groups) when the transition times are right censored. Using the reweighting principle, a two-sample Mann– Whitney type of U -statistic is constructed that compares only the uncensored sojourn times from the two distributions. A second Mann–Whitney type of statistic...