Bacillus anthracis secretes three secretary proteins; lethal factor (LF), protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF). The LF has ability to check proliferation of mammary tumors, chiefly depending on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Evaluation of therapeutic potential of recombinant LF (rLF), recombinant PA (rPA) and lethal toxin (rLF + rPA = LeTx) on the primary ma...

Factors associated with increased estrogen synthesis increase breast cancer risk. Increased aromatase and estrogen receptor a (ERa) in both normal epithelium and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions are found in conjunction with breast cancer, leading to the idea that altered estrogen signaling pathways predispose the mammary gland to cancer development. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse that c...

Factors associated with increased estrogen synthesis increase breast cancer risk. Increased aromatase and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in both normal epithelium and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions are found in conjunction with breast cancer, leading to the idea that altered estrogen signaling pathways predispose the mammary gland to cancer development. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse that c...

breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in women due to malignant diseases and is the most prevalent type of cancer in western countries. according to investigations which has been done in iran so far, the prevalence of disease in our country is also very high, therefore complete attention to clinical and pathological findings of this disease would be extremely essential. in this study, the...

many studies suggested that fractals could be brought in any structural anarchy, such as cancers, for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation by quantifying it and expressing it in terms of fractal geometry. in this study, we aimed to evaluate pathologic grades or breast carcinomas by fractal analysis. this cross-sectional study was performed on 60 women with breast ductal carcinoma. from all the pa...

Abstract Mammary carcinoma with Osteoclast Giant Cells (OGCs) is a rare tumour. Although several cases were reported, the significance of this histological finding remains incompletely understood. OGCs may occur in types breast different epidemiological characteristics but, association pregnancy, has not been reported to date. Here we report case 37-year-old presenting symptomatic lump pregnanc...

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common women’s cancers, and the number of cases is increasing worldwide. Objective: The current study compared invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma with regard to the prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and age prevalence. Methods: T...

Extensive melanosis of breast tissue due to melanin in the absence of involvement by melanoma either primary or secondary has been rarely encountered. Herein we report a first and unique case of extensive macroscopic and microscopic melanosis of mammary parenchyma between carcinoma cells due to melanin in a patient with a poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with no evi...

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; intraductal carcinoma) is a noninvasive breast cancer originating from the cells that line the mammary ducts. Patients with DCIS can be asymptomatic at the time of presentation (radiographic findings on mammogram) or present with symptoms such as a palpable mass or nipple discharge [1]. We present an unusual case of DCIS in a 40 year old woman with recent palpabl...