Unilateral ligation of the tendon of anterior superficial part of rat masseter muscle (TASM) leads to long-lasting allodynia. Sex differences in peripheral mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated analgesia under persistent myogenic pain are not well understood. In this study, we examined (1) whether locally applied MOR agonists attenuate persistent pain following TASM ligation in a sex dependent mann...

Objective(s):Neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs complicates treatment of cancer patients. Vinblastine (VBL) is reported to induce motor and cognitive impairments in patients receiving chronic low-dose regimen. Materials and Methods: The effects of VBL treatment on motor, learning and memory functions of male and female Wistar rats were studied by behavioral related tests. Animals were given chro...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 has been reported to play a role in vascular dysfunction associated with mineralocorticoid hypertension. We hypothesized that, compared with female rats, an upregulation of ERK1/2 signaling in the vasculature of male rats contributes to augmented contractile responses in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Uninephrectomized male and female Sprague-Dawl...

The kidney's responsiveness to male sexual hormones has been often neglected. Renal secretion of organic anions is higher in male than in female individuals; as a consequence, most of the xenobiotics that are excreted from the organism through this pathway are eliminated more rapidly by males than by female animals. To gain further insight into this issue, we studied in vitro and in vivo charac...

Background: Evidences show that parental morphine addiction impairs CNS development, learning and memory in offsprings. Since long term potentiation (LTP) is a cellular mechanism of learning and memory, in this study the effect of parental morphine addiction on LTP induction in dentate gyrus by high frequency stimulation of perforant path was assessed. Materials and methods: In this experiment...

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance have been linked to hypertension; however, the influence of sex on this relationship has not been well studied. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of chronic insulin treatment on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in male and female rats. Male and female Wistar rats were treated with insulin (2 U/day) via subcutaneous sustained ...

–The present study investigated the effects of 21 days of chronic restraint stress on neural and endocrine parameters in male and female rats. Consistent with previous results, repeated restraint stress induced apical dendritic atrophy (a decrease in the number of apical branch points and dendritic length) of the CA3c pyramidal neurons in male rats. In contrast, female rats did not show signifi...

Cotton rats, roof rats, and rice rats collectively inflict significant damage to sugarcane crops in the Everglades Agricultural Area; however, the relative damage inflicted by each species is unknown. A feeding trial experiment showed that some differences existed in the grams of sugarcane consumed per gram of body mass among species (male cotton rats: 0.39 ± 0.03g; female cotton rats: 0.34 ± 0...

ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide secreted by the stomach. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three weeks of endurance training on plasma and fundus ghrelin as well as growth hormone (gh), cortisol hormone and weight in male wistar rats. 20 male wistar rats (14–16 weeks old) were randomly assigned to control (n =10) and training (n=10) groups. the rats in the training group e...

depression is a heterogenous, multifaceted disorder with symptoms manifested at the psychological, behavioral and physiological level. therefore, present study was designed as a model to analyze the long lasting effects of methylmercury chloride in male rats with a focus on depression like behavior. male albino rats of wistar strain were exposed orally to a dose of 2 mg/kg of methylmercury chlo...