Recent research has found drastic differences across gender in how performance and preferences are affected by competition. In light of these, this study addresses how gender affects the use of competitive compensation. When given information about worker ability, male managers, but not female managers, are reluctant to choose the tournament for a female worker. The data also show that even tho...

Some empirical investigations have been conducted on male and female leadership styles and how female leaders cope with being a leader (Eagly et al., 2003; Swim’s, 1994: Hall and Carter's,1999; Eagly and Carli, 2007). Some other researchers have investigated the decision making process of male and female managers and found out that there is no difference between these groups (Essers and Benscho...

Gender stereotyping of leadership behaviors is pervasive. Although women and men show few differences in leadership behaviors, experienced male managers rate male and female managers’ leadership qualities differently. Participants in this study comprised 107 women and 103 men with little or no management experience. They were asked to estimate how experienced male managers had previously rated ...

this correlational study focused on formal organizations' administrative performance values. it examined the managers' (unit supervisors') employee performance appraisal process in relation to sex and personality differences among unit supervisors in tehran, shahid beheshti and iran medical sciences university hospitals (tehran, 1996). first 537 male and female managers performin...

AIM This study aimed to examine how leadership positions in the Public Dental Service (PDS) were distributed between women and men and how the female and male lead dentists perceived themselves as managers or leaders and whether their superiors, the leading doctors and municipal decision makers or their subordinates, the public dentists, found differences between female and male lead dentists a...