OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of consumer cost sharing on use of physician-administered and patient self-administered specialty drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN Multivariate statistical analysis of probability and use of physician-administered specialty drugs, patient self-injected specialty drugs, non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and symptom relief drugs. Analys...

In this work, the effectiveness of preventive maintenance scheduling (PMS) decisions was reported based on a techno-economic model that reflects cost objective function for ship maintenance activities. With a potential to impact on both transportation businesses and users of transportation services, the model provides an alternative to the combined classical literature problems of spare-parts i...

Nowadays, offering extended warranty is considered as a lucrative source of income from the perspective of the after-sale service providers. Meanwhile, the main concern is presence or absence of base warranty and strategies adopted by the manufacturer during this period. Moreover, extended warranty structure must be responsive and customer oriented, which not only control the services cost but ...

background: the retention rates are important factors in methadone maintenance treatment. this study was performed with aims to determine the attitude and subjective norms in methadone treatment maintenance among kohgilouyeh and boyer ahmad’s province addict who referred addiction treatment centers. methods: this research was a cross-sectional study that done among men’s addicted who are receiv...

Joint optimization models were developed combining group preventive maintenance of a series system and production scheduling. In this paper, we propose a joint optimization model to minimize the total cost including production cost, preventive maintenance cost, minimal repair cost for unexpected failures and tardiness cost. The total cost depends on both the production process and the machine m...