In addition to various physical obstacles, the cave environment presents numerous psychological stressors that challenge human explorers. Sources of psychological stress include logistic issues (e.g., limitations to access, communication, and the availability of equipment), a lack of normal sensory stimuli, isolation and confinement, high performance demands, and social conflict associated with...

LKAB’s Kiruna Mine is located above the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden, and produces about 24 million tons of iron ore per year, making it is the second largest underground mine in the world today. The orebody, a world-class high-grade magnetite deposit, is approximately 4 km long and 80 m wide on average, and lies roughly in the north-south direction, with a dip of some 60 degrees. Surface m...

This is an annual lecture given in the University of Bristol 0,1 some subject connected with one of the Water sports, caving or mountaineering. It is in memory ?f Paul Esser, a medical student who lost his life while cave diving in Porth yr Ogof in February of 1971, and who was particularly interested in those sports. The lecturer is chosen by a panel of representatives from the student societi...

The over-exploitation of resources caused by the increasing coal demand has resulted in a sharp increase solid waste emissions mainly gangue, which made burden on environment, economy, resources, and society our country heavier. In order to achieve balance between energy consumption emission process top caving, this study carried out gangue recognition research based multi-source time–frequency...

Abstract Cave mining progresses to depths exceeding 1000 m and ore bodies situated in competent strong rock masses are nowadays extracted by different cave methods. Widely applied caving methods massive deposits block panel caving, inclined sublevel caving. All have common that mass caves during extraction of an body a controlled way. As result, regional stress changes occur, considerable abutm...

In a multi-agent system, the complex interaction among agents is one of difficulties in making optimal decision. This paper proposes new action value function and learning mechanism based on equivalent neighborhood (OEAN) order to obtain decision from agents. Q-value function, OEAN used depict between current agent others. To deal with non-stationary environment when act, inferred simultaneousl...