By means of a 3D numerical code we investigate the response of magnetic flux tubes to transverse perturbations. Various tubes with plasma β ranging from 0.1 to 10 embedded in a uniform nonmagnetic atmosphere are considered. High spatial resolution was obtained by the application of a multiple nested grid strategy. Various kinds of internal longitudinal and transverse body waves as well as surfa...

BACKGROUND Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a well-known complication of lumbar puncture. Although various factors, especially the type of spinal needle, have been demonstrated to be associated with PDPH, the clinical implications of CSF leakage detected on magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) images remain unclear. The objective of this ...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage at C1-2 poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to spine surgeons. Although computed tomography (CT) myelography has been the diagnostic imaging modality of choice for identifying the CSF leakage point, extradural CSF collection at C1-2 on conventional CT myelography or magnetic resonance imaging ...