We estimate minimum energy magnetic fields (Bmin) for a sample of galaxies with measured gas surface densities. The sample spans more than four orders of magnitude in surface density from normal spirals to luminous starbursts. We show that the ratio of the minimum energy magnetic pressure to the total pressure in the ISM decreases substantially with increasing surface density. For the ultra-lum...

Wind energy is used to rotate a magnetic turbine in order to remove heat from the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) panel. A three-bladed turbine, which rotates with wind energy, has rotational motion underneath the studied PV panel in order to move Magnetic Nano-Particles (MNPs). In addition, effects of the magnetic field strength (B=450-830 mT), rotational velocity of the magnetic turbine (ω), a...

– We have extended buffer gas cooling to trap atoms with small effective magnetic moments μeff . For μeff ≥ 3μB, 10 atoms were buffer gas cooled, trapped, and thermally isolated in ultra high vacuum with roughly unit efficiency. For μeff < 3μB, the fraction of atoms remaining after full thermal isolation was limited by two processes: wind from the rapid removal of the buffer gas and desorbing h...

We report the first experimental study of sub-Doppler cooling in alkaline earth atoms (87Sr) enabled by the presence of nuclear spin-originated magnetic degeneracy in the atomic ground state. Sub-Doppler cooling in a sigma(+)-sigma(-) configuration is achieved despite the presence of multiple, closely spaced excited states. This surprising result is confirmed by an expanded multilevel theory of...

We propose an efficient optical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) cooling scheme for a cantilever with a nitrogen-vacancy center attached in a non-uniform magnetic field using dynamical Zeeman effect. In our scheme, the Zeeman effect combined with the quantum interference effect enhances the desired cooling transition and suppresses the undesired heating transitions. As a result, t...

In this study, cooling of a hot obstacle in a rectangular cavity filled with water-CuO nanolfuid has been examined numerically. This cavity has an inlet and outlet and the cold nanofuid comes from the left side of the cavity and after cooling the hot obstacle, it goes out from the opposite site. All of the walls are insulated, and the SIMPLER algorithm has been employed for solving the governin...

Recent work provides a general two-step solution to trapping and cooling of atoms. The first step is magnetic stopping of paramagnetic atoms with the use of a sequence of pulsed fields. The second step is single-photon cooling, which is based on a one-way barrier. This cooling method is related intimately to the historic problem of "Maxwell's Demon" and subsequent work by L. Szilard. Here, I di...

The Fermilab Electron Cooling project involves interacting a 4.3 MeV, 0.5 A DC electron beam with 8.9 GeV/c antiprotons in the FNAL Recycler Ring. This interaction occurs through a 20-meter long cooling section consisting of 10 solenoid modules. This cooling process would lead to an increase in the Tevatron collider luminosity needed to support RunIIb parameters. There are several important eng...

The Neutrino Factory (NF) concept includes several channels that treat muon beam to allow its capture into the accelerating part of the complex [1]. There must be a "drift" channel where pions decay generating muons. In this channel a correlation develops between muon energy and its position (mass separation). Due to a very high beam emittance and energy spread after the target, a high magnetic...

Understanding saturation magnetization and its behavior with particle size and temperature are essential for medical applications such magnetic hyperthermia. We report the effect of shell thickness and field cooling on the saturation magnetization and its behavior with temperature in Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 core/shell nanoparticles of fixed core diameter (8 nm) and several shell thicknesses. X-ray diffra...