the law of the continental europe is considered an offspring of the roman law. in the roman law the “fault” was considered as the basis of liability. the doctrine of fault was included in the french civil code of 1804 through the roman law, and from there, made its way into the laws of other european and non-european countries. according to the instruction of the holy prophet of islam (pbuh), i...

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hearsay in common law, is a statement made out-of-court and offered in court as evidence to prove the truth of the assertion made in the statement. the hearsay rule states that hearsay is not admissible unless provided by exceptions in the rules of evidence or courts’ precedents. the test for determining hearsay is whether a statement was made out of court and is being offered in order to prove...

Bankruptcy law in Indonesia has special characteristics compared to other fields of law. Article 2 Paragraph (1) is the basis for bankruptcy decision, and decision an immediate (uitvoorraad bij voorraad). So that when a occurs, curator supervised by supervisory judge immediately executes estate management and/or settlement estate. The simple requirements apply debtors who are solvent or not. If...

The essay opens with some background information about the context of euthanasia in Belgium. It proceeds by discussing the Belgian law on euthanasia and concerns about the law, its interpretations and implementation. Finally, the major developments and controversies since the law came into effect are discussed. Suggestions as to how to improve the Belgian law and circumscribe the practice of eu...

The concept of balanced chemical reactions, introduced by Wenzel in 1777l and made more exact by Berthollet in 1801, was put into the quantitatively useful form of the law of mass action by Guldberg and Waage in 1867. In 1877 van’t Hoff showed how this law could be derived from the principles of thermodynamics, without introducing the vague idea of chemical force, and in 1887 Arrhenius applied ...