Hydrogels contain large amounts of water, making them useful in biomaterial applications. However, their inherent softness prevents direct use load-bearing By incorporating toughening mechanisms through the double network concept, mechanical properties hydrogels have been greatly improved. In this Focus Review, our goal is to consider recent attempts achieve hydrogel composites with further imp...

Conventional theories addressing the wave-dynamic behavior of plane-stratified multilayer environments usually involve wavenumber spectral and asymptotic techniques, which apply to layer thickness of the same “macroscale” order as the wavelengths in the spectrum of the excitation. However, in applications of multilayer bonded laminates (for example, in biological and other “exotic” materials”) ...

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the heterogeneous multiscale methods (HMM) for interface tracking and apply the technique to the simulation of combustion fronts. Our goal is to overcome the numerical difficulties, which are caused by different time scales between the transport part and the reactive part in the model equations of some interface tracking problems, such as combustion proces...

Correlation between results of a Conventional macroscale (5 ml of blood) atomic absorption procedure for lead determination and results of the Delves micro-scale (10 tl blood) atomic absorption method was high (0.96). Analyses of lead in capillary and intravenous blood samples also correlated well (0.93). The coefficient of variation of the Delves micro-scale method was 8% for a concentration o...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in paints, food colorants, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and many other applications. Due to their high refractive index, TiO2 NPs are common ingredients in sun protection products used to guard against UV exposure. However, the fate of NPs in the environment and the potential for toxic effects once absorbed into the body remain largely ...

Mortar method is proposed to form a macroscopic model for a problem with a multiscale conductivity. The macroscopic model is built on the coarse uniform grid quipped for the problem domain. For each uniform grid, artificial neighboring cells are attached to form a model which includes the localized microscale model. For the proposed model, a very fine mesh is introduced to resolve the microscal...

A two-scale model based on a database approach is presented to investigate alloy solidification. Appropriate assumptions are introduced to describe the behavior of macroscopic temperature, macroscopic concentration, liquid volume fraction and microstructure features. These assumptions lead to a macroscale model with two unknown functions: liquid volume fraction and microstructure features. Thes...

A systematic study of the across scale coupling phenomenology in EM scattering problems is addressed using the theory of multiresolution decomposition and orthogonal wavelets. By projecting an integral equation formulation of the scattering problem onto a set of subspaces that constitutes a multiresolution decomposition of L 2 (R), one can derive two coupled formulations. The rst governs the ma...

The framework of the heterogeneous multiscale methods (HMM) is briefly reviewed. Both the original HMM and the seamless HMM are discussed. Applications to interface capturing and flame front tracking are presented. 18.1 The Heterogeneous Multiscale Method The heterogeneous multiscale method (HMM) is a general framework for designing multiscale methods for a wide range of applications [8, 10]. H...

Here we report a thermodynamic analysis of biomolecular interactions using MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST). Using DNA hybridization with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides as a well-characterized model system, we monitor the shift in the dissociation (Kd) constant of the interaction over a range of temperatures and calculate the free enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) for the hybridization reac...