Sir, Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinoma. The age-specific mortality and absolute number of deaths from prostate cancer have been decreasing since 1993.[1] There is an almost 8:1 ratio in the incidence of prostate-specific mortality. The disease locally invades along the nerve sheath and metastasizes through lymphatic chains or blood vessels.[2] Distant metastases are common when lym...

For most solid tumors, including melanoma, the most powerful predictor of recurrence and survival is the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastases. For patients with melanoma and stage III disease, the five-year survival decreases 40% compared to patients without nodal metastases. With the approval of interferon alfa-2b as the first effective adjuvant therapy for the high risk for r...

We report a syngeneic model of spontaneous metastatic B16-F10 mouse melanoma in C57/BL6 mice with a very high metastatic frequency that mimics clinical metastatic melanoma. The B16 melanoma cells were injected between the skin and cartilage on the dorsal side of the ear. The model generated lymphatic and visceral metastases in all of the tested animals. In mice with large primary tumors, tumor ...

Purpose. Penile cancer rarely gives symptomatic skeletal metastases. Methods. We present 2 patients with squamous carcinoma of the penis who were surgically treated for metastases in the femur. Results. Both patients had pathological fractures and were operated on. In one case, the skeletal metastasis preceded any lymphatic spread of the disease, suggesting early haematogenous dissemination. Co...

Bone scans are widely utilized for detection of metastases from bone sarcomas. Technetium methylene diphosphonate scan ([(99m)Tc]MDP) is one of the most popular radiotracers used for that purpose. Lymphatic spread of bone sarcomas is unusual and often difficult to diagnose. Unfortunately, bone scans are not as sensitive in demonstrating lymphatic spread of sarcomas as they are at demonstrating ...

Is there a role for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the management of sarcoma? Sentinel node biopsy has dramatically changed the management of melanoma and breast cancer, helping surgeons avoid radical lymphadenectomies in node negative patients who would previously have undergone a more morbid operation with little benefit, or remained pathologically unstaged. Many investigators have explo...

Different clinical studies report the connection between malignant melanoma (MM) and vitiligo, as the etiology of both diseases evolves around melanocytes. A case is presented of a 70-year-old female patient with metastatic MM in lymphatic node of the right groin, which developed simultaneously with the "vitiligo-like patches" over the face and extremities. Some authors suggest that the appeara...

Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) carries an excellent prognosis. Although long-term survival rates are high, regional lymph node metastases are common. Surgical management of cervical lymph nodes is integral to the comprehensive treatment of DTC, but data from large randomized trials do not exist to define optimal treatment. Therapy is thus guided by observational data, and founded on a...

The records of 21 patients who had radical cystectomies for the treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer and were found to have regional lymphatic metastases have been reviewed. Ten of these patients had only one lymph node involved (N1), and 11 patients had metastases in more than one lymph node (N2-3). Four patients with N1 disease and 1 patient with N2-3 disease survived tumor-free great...

Lymphatic vessels have been difficult to study in detail in normal and tumor tissues because of the lack of molecular markers. Here, monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain of the vascular endothelial growth factor-C receptor that we have named VEGFR-3 were found to specifically stain endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels and vessels around tumors such as lymphoma and in situ br...