Although techniques for directly synthesising sampled-data (SD) compensators are available in the literature, feedback controller design is perhaps best understood in a purely continuous-time setting. As such, a feedback controller is often designed in the continuous-time domain and then discretised for digital implementation. It is important for the discretisation step involved to yield a SD a...

BACKGROUND Rocuronium produces injection pain in 50-80% of treated patients. Therefore, a variety of pretreatments have been attempted to reduce this issue. We evaluated the efficacy of 3 different doses of magnesium on the rocuronium injection pain and following hemodynamic changes by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation (LTI). METHODS Two hundreds patients, ASA I and II, undergoing general ...

Lymphoid tissue development is initiated during embryogenesis by the migration of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells from the fetal liver to the periphery, where they induce the formation of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. In the fetal liver, a subset of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) that expresses the integrin α4β7 gives rise to LTi cells, a process strictly dependent on the expression ...

We present a framework to synthesize lm 2 -stable control networks which are subject to delays and data dropouts. This framework can be applied to control systems which use “soft-real-time” cooperative schedulers and wired or wireless network feedback. The approach applies to passive plants and controllers that can be either linear, nonlinear, and (or) time-varying. This framework is based on f...

Fearfulness and economic traits were studied in three lines of Japanese quail. Two of the lines were of the same genetic origin and were subjected to divergent selection for the duration of tonic immobility (TI), a measure of fearfulness. Birds were selected for long (LTI) or short (STI) duration of TI. The third line (DD) was of a different genetic origin and had been selected for early egg pr...

Methods for index reduction of general nonlinear differential-algebraic equations are generally difficult to implement due to the recurring use of functions defined only via the implicit function theorem. By adding structure to the equations, these implicit funcitons may become possible to implement. In particular, this is so for the quasilinear and linear time-invariant (LTI) structures, and i...

Experiments have been carried out in the JET tokamak in order to determine the critical ion temperature inverse gradient length (R/LTi =R|!Ti|/Ti) for the onset of Ion Temperature Gradient modes and the stiffness of Ti profiles with respect to deviations from the critical value. The existence of a threshold in R/LTi has been assessed and its value found in close agreement with linear GS2 gyro-k...

The nomenclature "embryonic lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cell" reflects the fundamental role of the cell in secondary lymphoid tissue organization. In addition, it is equally important in primary lymphoid tissue development as it regulates central tolerance to self-antigens in the thymus. An adult LTi cell constitutively expresses two sets of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members, whereas...

Adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily Pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. Here, we investigated substitution rates of genes involved in low-temperature-induced (LTI) stress responses to test the hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution of LTI pathway genes was important for Pooideae evolution. Substitution rates and signatures...