INTRODUCTION Expert-reported outcomes and complications may not reflect the standardized coding that can be provided by independent, third-party evaluations. The goal of this article is to compare expert-reported complications with standardized coding by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). The procedures evaluated were laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN), robot-assiste...

A laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for renal cancer can be performed using two methods, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and standard laparoscopic surgery (SLS). This institute initially used HALS to perform all radical nephrectomy, but gradually shifted to SLS. This study compared the two methods of radical nephrectomy: HALS vs. SLS, which were performed at a single institute. F...

Evaluation of Various Turbulence Models in Predicting Airflow and 1 Turbulence in Enclosed Environments by CFD: Part-1: 2 Summary of Prevalent Turbulence Models 3 4 Zhiqiang Zhai Zhao Zhang Wei Zhang Qingyan Chen 5 Member ASHRAE Student Member ASHRAE Member ASHRAE Fellow ASHRAE 6 7 Air distributions in enclosed environments are crucial to thermal comfort and air quality. 8 Computational fluid d...

The IMS Learning Design specification aims at capturing the complete learning flow of courses, without being restricted to a particular pedagogical model. Such flow description for a course, called a Unit of Learning, must be able to be reproduced in different systems using a so called run-time environment. In the last few years there has been several tools implementing such functionality, but ...