AbstmctIn this paper, a sliding mode control scheme that guarantees the smoothness of the control signal and the exponential error convergence is proposed for robot manipulators. The proposed method inserts a low pass filter (LPF) in front of the plant, and the vzrtval controller is designed for the vzrtval plant the combination of the LPF and the robot manipulator. The virtual control signal c...

BACKGROUND The degree to which transplant recipients are immunosuppressed influences their risks of rejection, infection and cancer. Current measures of immune suppression are crude (clinical events) or indirect (drug exposure). We assessed a direct measure of immune status, leukocyte phenotype and function (LPF, a composite measure of five aspects of peripheral blood leukocyte phenotype and fu...

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPF) plays a fundamental role in planning, organizing, and optimizing behavioral performance. Neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have suggested that in this cortical sector, information processing becomes more abstract when moving from caudal to rostral and that such processing involves parietal and premotor areas. We review studies that have shown tha...

This paper proposes an efficient overlay multicast provisioning (OMP) mechanism for dynamic multicast traffic grooming in overlay IP/MPLS over WDM networks. To facilitate request provisioning, OMP jointly utilizes a data learning (DL) scheme on the IP/MPLS layer for logical link cost estimation, and a lightpath fragmentation (LPF) based method on the WDM layer for improving resource sharing in ...

To limit the probability of unacceptable worst-case linearization errors that might yield risks for power system operations, this letter proposes a robust data-driven linear flow (RD-LPF) model. It applies to both transmission and distribution systems can achieve better robustness than recent models. The key idea is probabilistically constrain through distributionally chance-constrained program...

Sera from 31 Legionnaires' disease (LD) survivors of the Philadelphia outbreak, 31 Legionnaire (L) controls, and 300 additional controls were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to five antigen preparations of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) to determine the effect of antigen preparation on the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Diagnostic lev...

Adherence to intestinal cells is a key process in infection caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Several adhesion factors that mediate the binding of EHEC to intestinal cells have been described, but the receptors involved in their recognition are not fully characterized. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins might act as receptors involved in the recognition of enteric pathogens,...

Penetration of the intestinal mucosa at areas of Peyer's patches is an important first step for Salmonella typhimurium to produce lethal systemic disease in mice. However, mutations in genes that are important for intestinal invasion result in only moderately decreased virulence of S. typhimurium for mice. Here we report that combining mutations in invA and lpfC, two genes necessary for entry i...

Statin treatment has been reported to inhibit in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum. This study examines the effects of the 3-HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin in altering and enhancing parasitological response to artesunate. Patients in attendance at primary health facilities (n=60) suffering from malaria infection were selected for the study and informed consent obtained. Ethical cl...

This article presents a new dog-bone defected ground structure (DGS) for low-pass filter (LPF) applications with widerejection band and low-insertion loss in the pass-band region. The prototype LPF consists of three dog-bone cells in the ground plane with an open stub on the top layer acting as a compensated capacitor. The prototype LPF is then realized as a multilayer structure to enhance the ...