A number of industrialized and developing countries agreed to the terms of the Kyoto protocol to conserve energy and reduce emissions. The close relationship between energy consumption and real GDP growth suggests that energy conservation policies are likely to affect real GDP growth. In this paper, the possible impact of energy conservation policies on the New Zealand economy is examined and c...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to examine the patterns of spending, price, and the utilization of ADHD medications during the 10-year period, from 1994 to 2003 among 4 different per capita GDP group countries. METHODS This study used the IMS Health database and included both branded and generic ADHD medications. We examined the changes in quantity and price as well as the mixed effec...

We examine the extent to which U.S. patent applications and patents granted respond to the cyclical variation of the U.S. economy as reflected by major macroeconomic aggregates such as real GDP and others. We find that patents granted are cointegrated with GDP and research and development indicating a long run stochastic relationship among these variables. We also find Granger Causality going f...

Does U.S. state pension funding affect real GDP growth rates? Do states that witness higher GDP growth also have better funded pensions? Can one expect less GDP growth when state pensions are poorly funded? My study took the funding ratio of state pension plans, the asset-to-liability ratio, and compared it with real state GDP levels. The methods I used consisted of time series panel data regre...

The distribution of shocks to GDP growth rates is found to be exponential rather than normal. Their standard deviation b scales with GDP where b 5 2 0.1560.03. These macroeconomic results place restrictions on the microeconomic structure of interactions between agents.  1998 Elsevier Science S.A.

This paper analyzes factors contributing to terrorism, using its initial meaning from the French Revolution in which the state is the terrorist. The independent economic variables are mineral exports/GDP, military expenditures/GDP, real GDP growth, real per capita GDP, and population density, and the dependent variable is democide, the murder of people by government. Analysis of the data indica...

GDP growth in independent Bangladesh has been on an increasing path and has been its main instrument for poverty reduction. The pace of poverty reduction was most pronounced during the 1990s—with the poverty rate falling from 59 percent to 50 percent—when per-capita GDP growth accelerated to an annual average of 3 percent per annum, the highest post-independence level. Growth has benefited from...

development of financial markets as an important factor in the economic growth process always has been of interest to economists. the purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between regional financial development and economic growth. this study uses provincial annual data over the period 2000-2011 by using panel data technique. the panel co integration techniques have been used to te...