in order to determine the synoptic pattern of heavy and extreme precipitations on the southern coast of the caspian sea, precipitation characteristics of the caspian region were investigated by the use of eight synoptic stations data. considering the percentage thresholds, the days with heavy and extreme precipitations were determined for a 10 year period (1994-2003). since more than 75% of day...

Ammonia can be applied to any type and size of refrigeration system from domestic refrigeration to commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning to industrial refrigeration. However, it is desirable to minimize the charge to prevent toxic effects and, sometimes to use secondary refrigerants, such as volatile carbon dioxide, to keep ammonia away from the general public. This article describes a ...

Low-pressure gas discharge modelling is reviewed, both from a historical perspective and for current industrial applications. An ovetview of the basic mathematical and physical models used to describe low-pressure discharges is given, together with a summary of the most common numerical techniques which have been adopted. Modelling of the oc glow discharge and discharges maintained by high-freq...