erosion and sediment movement phenomena are one of the most complex issues in management of rivers drainage areas that in water projects are very important. that its measurement wants high time and cost. issue of surface runoff in river basin is a complex issue that human knowledge and understanding about its physical laws a viewpoint of some mathematical formulas is limited. in this study to i...

in this paper, synoptic patterns associated with maximum precipitation over the khorasan region, between 1985-2000 with the computation of some forcing functions are studied and classified into three types. type a: consists of the anticyclones that move from the scandinavian peninsula and central-europe in an east and south-east direction during cold seasons, with relatively high speed and cold...

Aerosol effects on condensed water and precipitation in a tropical cloud system driven by deep convective clouds are investigated for two-dimensional simulations of 2-day duration. Although an assumed 10-fold increase in aerosol concentration results in a similar temporal evolution of mean precipitation and a small (9 %) difference in cumulative precipitation between the highand low-aerosol cas...

The hydrometeorology of the Amazon basin in the ERA-40 reanalysis for 1958–2001 is compared with observations of precipitation, temperature, and streamflow. After 1979, the reanalysis over the Amazon has a small cool bias of the order of 0.35 K, and a small low bias of precipitation of the order of 0.3 mm day . In the early years (1958–72), there is a large upward drift in reanalysis precipitat...

Reliable drought monitoring requires long-term and continuous precipitation data. High resolution satellite measurements provide valuable precipitation information on a quasi-global scale. However, their short lengths of records limit their applications in drought monitoring. In addition to this limitation, long-term low resolution satellite-based gauge-adjusted data sets such as the Global Pre...

A comparison is made of the relative effectiveness of the cyclonic circulation pattern a t four different tropospheric levels in specifying winter precipitation over the intermountain area of the western United States. This is accomplished by developing the synoptic climatology of precipitation resulting from Lows a t the 850-, 700-, 500-, and 300-mb. levels. Twelve-hr. precipitation amounts (e...

We evaluated the performance of a commercially available cellulose acetate electrophoretic method for quantitating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (I) in serum by comparing it to a method involving precipitation with dextran sulfate-500/Mg2+. In both methods, enzymic reagents are used for cholesterol measurement. For electrophoretic measurement of I the mean intramembrane CV ws 4.1% (at 22...

This work describes the formation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microgels via a photopolymerized precipitation reaction. Precipitation reactions offer several advantages over traditional microsphere fabrication techniques. Contrary to emulsion, suspension, and dispersion techniques, microgels formed by precipitation are of uniform shape and size, i.e. low polydispersity index, without the use ...

This paper presents results concerning climatic conditions affecting diameter growth of Sitka spruce introduced to Baltic Pomerania (Sławno Forest District). A relatively high homogeneity of tree-ring series permitted to construct on their basis the tree-ring chronology of Sitka spruce. A significant positive correlation was found between radial increments of Sitka spruce and air temperatures o...

introduction precipitation is one of the most important meteorological variables in comparison with other climatic parameters. it varies extremely over time and space. the occurrence of this climate phenomenon requires specific circumstances in environment. its accurate measurement is important to a wide range of decision makers including hydrologists, agriculturalists, industrialists and etc. ...