We consider concepts and models for measuring inequality in the distribution of resources with a focus on how inequality varies as a function of covariates. Lorenz introduced a device for measuring inequality in the distribution of income that indicates how much the incomes below the u quantile fall short of the egalitarian situation where everyone has the same income. Gini introduced a summary...

OBJECTIVES Although antibiotic utilization data expressed in defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day are often available for a given period and area, the actual antibiotic exposure of the population is rarely explored. We aimed to identify the real antibiotic exposure of the inhabitants of one Hungarian county. METHODS The patient-level dispensing data for 2005 for Csongrád County wer...

A two-parameter model for the Lorenz curve describing income distribution interpolating between self-similar behavior at the low and high ends of the income spectrum naturally leads to two separate Gini indices describing the low and high ends individually. These new indices accurately capture realistic data on income distribution and give a better picture of how income data is shifting over time.

A number of studies have shown that inequality is increasing in the rural and urban areas of Nigeria and this can be linked to the growing dimension of poverty. The study focused on analysing inequality and welfare status of rural households in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The result presented was based on primary data collected from a random sample of 240 households selected from four rural communiti...

We define the notion of evenness and show how the Lorenz curve can be used to compare evenness between abundance vectors. It is then illustrated how the Gini evenness measure can be used as a descriptive parameter in faculty evaluation studies.