the ongoing women's poverty and gender discrimination, owing to various cultural and historical constraints on their socio-economic status and advancement, has raised different approaches in the literature, namely women's empowerment. within a conceptual framework of poverty and empowerment this paper intends to probe into different facets of the empowerment of women-headed households...

We investigate whether and how women’s political empowerment relates to technological change, the main driver of long-term economic growth. argue that three aspects – descriptive representation, civil liberties protection, society participation advance change thereby growth through (a) increasing number variability new ideas introduced in economy (b) improving selection more efficient ideas. Dr...

the empowerment of women has been widely acknowledged as an important goal in international development. the main aim of this study was to investigate empowerment levels and rate among the members of tafihan rural women’s association.those who were subject to research consisted of all members of the tafihan women’s association (418 members), out of which, a total number of 200 members were sele...

This essay suggests that two strands of social action which have hitherto developed separately - legal empowerment and social accountability - ought to learn from one another. Legal empowerment efforts grow out of the tradition of legal aid for the poor; they assist citizens in seeking remedies to breaches of rights. Social accountability interventions employ information and participation to de...

This article elucidates connections between two strategies of transnational social movements—external pressure and local mobilization—and two potential outcomes—paternalism and psychological empowerment. Application of this theoretical framework to the nascent Chinese labor movement indicates that an overreliance on an external-pressure approach results in paternalism, thereby precluding psycho...

The challenges of rapid urbanisation in large parts of Africa are beyond the capacity of local government to manage. The paper explores the arguments for a national urban policy to complement local strategies, reflecting the unique power of the central state and the special circumstances of cities. With appropriate support, urbanisation could become a more positive force for economic and human ...

This article aims to explore the relationship between domestic economic and political conditions and the performance of 14 regional organisations over a range of security provisions. It argues that the willingness of member states to increase the range of security provisions of a regional organisation is influenced by the combination of high levels of economic and political development and low ...