The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for subsequent induction of potent adaptive immune responses, but little information is available ab...

Pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced as part of innate immunity. Increased resistance to extraintestinal Salmonella enteritidis (SE) has been associated with an increase in heterophil pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Invasion of chicken epithelial cells by SE induces an 8- to 10-fold increase in interleukin (IL) -6 production. Infection with SE induces an influx of heterophils to t...

This study aimed to assess genetic diversity within and between nine Vietnamese local chicken breeds and two Chinese breeds included for comparison. Genotyping 29 microsatellites revealed high diversity of both Vietnamese and Chinese breeds. Cluster analysis using the STRUCTURE software suggested six clusters as the most likely grouping of the 11 breeds studied. These groups encompassed four ho...

Knowledge of the genetic characteristics, origin, and local adaptation chickens is essential to identify traits required for chicken breeding programs. Chee Fah Luang are black-boned breeds reared in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chickens an important part economy socio-culture; however, diversity, origins these two have been poorly studied. Here, we investigated gene pool, origin using mitochondrial D...

Introduction and insects which can act as reservoirs or vectors for a range of bacterial and helmintic diseases( Permin Poultry outnumbers all other forms of livestock in et.al.,1997). A study on the incidence of worms in Nigeria, and, not surprisingly, are found throughout the chicken farms in Nigeria found that the most common country, wherever there is human settlement. Chickens species were...

Introduction. Chicken anaemia virus, CAV, was until recently the only member of the Gyrovirus genus. 6 novel gyroviruses, AGV2, HGyV1, and GyV3-6, have since been discovered in human and chicken samples. Methods. PCR amplification of the VP2 gene was used to detect AGV2/HGyV1, GyV3, and CAV in a range of clinical samples including stool, respiratory, CSF, and HIV-positive plasma. Screening of f...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the different levels of vermi (Eisenia fetida) meal on fermented ration in broiler chicken growth and profitability under two management systems. For this purpose, 120 day old broiler chickens (cobb vantress) were tested in a Completely Randomized Design with four (4) dietary treatments: first, the commercial feeds (control), second, 2% vermi ...

Growth hormone (GH) plays a diverse role in animals together with other hormones of somatotropic axis. In the current research, chicken GH (cGH) as a candidate gene affecting carcass traits was investigated in the chickens from 2 local chicken breeds [Mountainous Black-Bone (Wugu) and Caoke chicken] in the Sichuan province, 1 pure line of a quality chicken (Sanhuang chicken) from the Guangdong ...

A severe and fatal outbreak of Tetrameres fissispina in four flocks of local chickens in Nigeria is being described. The outbreak was characterized by sudden and massive death and pathology mimicking avian influenza. Convention tests for major viral and bacterial diseases of poultry in Nigeria were all negative. T. fissispina was isolated from most carcasses submitted for post mortem examinatio...