BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxaziclomefone (OAC), a new herbicide, inhibits cell expansion, especially in roots and cell-cultures of gramineous monocots. OAC does not affect turgor in cultured maize cells, and must therefore inhibit wall-loosening or promote wall-tightening. METHODS The effects of OAC in living cultured maize cells on various biochemical processes thought to influence wall extension ...

UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide derivative bacterial cell-wall precursors were synthesized as effective tools for surface display on living bacteria. Lactobacilli were incubated in the ketone-modified precursor-containing medium, and the ketone moiety was displayed on the bacterial surface through cell-wall biosynthesis. Oligomannose was coupled with the ketone moiety on the bacterial surface via a ami...

Cotton fibers arise through highly anisotropic expansion of a single seed epidermal cell. We obtained evidence that apical cell wall synthesis occurs through examining the tips of young elongating Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb) fibers. We characterized two tip types in Gh fiber (hemisphere and tapered), each with distinct apical diameter, central vacuole location, and distributi...

of Dartmoor. The prison was hailed as "probably the finest thing of its kind and worthy of the humanity and renown of Great Britain" in 1811, but was later described by Sir George McGrath (Medical Superintendent there 1814-16) as "that great tomb of the living". The prison was enclosed by an outer stone wall, one mile long and 14 feet high, surrounding a military road and an inner wall from whi...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of the F-actin-disrupting agent latrunculin-B on aqueous outflow facility and trabecular meshwork architecture in human eyes. METHODS After baseline facility measurement in human eye bank eyes (n = 9 pairs), one eye of each pair received anterior chamber exchange and continued perfusion with medium containing 1 microM latrunculin-B. Contralateral eyes were trea...

If all locations of a living cell would have the same chemical potential, most viral infections of a cell should be abortive, even after the a penetration of the cell wall by the viral DNA-polymer or viral RNA-polymer occurred. This is obviously not the case. Therefore, there must be a mechanism which transports a viral DNA-polymer from the cell wall to the nucleus and not to any other location...

Extinction may alter competitive interactions among surviving species, affecting their subsequent recovery and evolution, but these processes remain poorly understood. Analysis of predation traces produced by shell-drilling muricid snails on bivalve prey reveals that species interactions were substantially different before and after a Plio-Pleistocene mass extinction in the western Atlantic. Mu...

In this study, we investigated whether cardinal directions affect the distribution of bdelloid rotifers or not, in order to contribute to the studies will be carried out determining the distribution patterns of microorganisms. Thus, we examined species composition and abundance of bdelloid rotifers living on 10 cm of lichen samples which was collected from the east and north sides and from top ...