various criteria are involved impacting trend of art and literature in a society. socio-political infrastructure and changes within it are of the parameters affecting literature in a society. in 19th century in iran, literature and poetry in particular was reformed fundamentally under impact of socio political structure. courtier poetry was replaced by practical protest one to achieve this whil...

classicism is the first literary school that emerged in europe after the great scientific movement in the 16th century a.d. and tried to revive the old literature of greece and latin considering the technical and humanistic themes in that era. literary societies like divan and apolo in the east and the society of writers and andolosian group in the west in opposition to the classicism of barood...

guillaume apollinaire is a famous french poet and writer of the twentieth century. innovations in modern french poetry has caused him to be remembered as a veteran in this field and it has also added a special beauty to his poetry that cannot be seen in the poetry of other poets before him. he is often known for his “calligrammes”. alcools is his most famous collection of poems in europe, espec...

The present study retested previously reported empirical evidence suggesting an iconic relation between sound and emotional meaning in poetry. To this end, we analyzed the frequency of certain phoneme classes in 48 German poems and correlated them with ratings for emotional classification. Our analyses provide evidence for a link between the emotional classification of poems (joyful vs. sad) an...

from 1269 to 1339h (1852 to 1920 ad), three devastating earthquakes took place in shiraz, causing numerous human casualties and destruction to the city. the most devastating earthquake, known as the great disaster, happened in 1269 (1825), bringing about the death of nearly a quarter of its inhabitants. in addition to houses, numerous strong and historical constructions, namely shahcheragh, mad...

a look at contemporary persian poetry, currents in persian poetry in 20th century this book is a historical survey of literature though the writer has tried to distance himself from ancient approaches and to apply a modern look of analysis, critique and stylistics. in the first chapter the methodology is discussed followed by the second chapter which talks of text and metatext and the relations...