the objectives of this study were (a) to examine the writing performance of l2 learners on the level-specific tasks based on common european framework of reference (cefr) and (b) to investigate whether there was any difference between the students' self-assessed level of writing and the writing level reported by the raters. this study was conducted with 138 iranian students at ba and ma levels ...

abstractlistening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. in spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. however, on account of the entire challenges efl learners encounter in classrooms due to the listening complexity, some pre-listening activities as supp...

Functional MR imaging for language lateralization was performed in a 6-year-old child before neurosurgical intervention. A passive story-listening task was used; this revealed a bilateral language network. The task was repeated during the same session when the child had fallen asleep and surprisingly yielded strong activation in similar language areas. Our findings suggest that language process...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure listening effort at typical classroom signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). DESIGN Listening effort was measured using a dual task paradigm. Participants repeated monosyllabic words presented in a background of children's chatter (primary task) at SNRs that are considered typical of the school classroom environment (quiet, +4, 0, -4 dB) while simultaneou...

  Background: Individuals’ listening styles differs based on their characters, professions and situations. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of Listening Styles Profile- Revised (LSP- R) in Iranian students.   Methods: After translating into Persian, LSP-R was employed in a sample of 240 medical and nursing Persian speaking students in Iran. Statistic...

Performance assessment is exceedingly considered a key concept in teacher education programs worldwide. Accordingly, in Iran, a national assessment system was proposed by Farhangian University to assess the professional competencies of its ELT graduates. The concerns regarding the validity and authenticity of traditional measures of teachers' competencies have motivated us to devise a localized...

PURPOSE Fitting a cochlear implant (CI) for optimal speech perception does not necessarily optimize listening effort. This study aimed to show that listening effort may change between CI processing conditions for which speech intelligibility remains constant. METHOD Nineteen normal-hearing participants listened to CI simulations with varying numbers of spectral channels. A dual-task paradigm ...