We developed an equation of state (EOS) by Ihm, Song, and Mason (ISM) for polar fluids. The model consists of four parameters, namely, the second virial coefficient, an effective van der Waals co-volume, a scaling factor, and the reduced dipole moment. The second virial coefficient is calculated from a correlation that uses the heat of vaporization, and the liquid density at the normal boiling ...

Neural networks are an extremely powerful tool for data mining. They are especially useful in cases involving data classification where it is difficult to establish a pattern in the search space. In an era when artificial intelligence is increasingly being utilised in industrial and medical applications throughout the world, it is becoming evident that this is an emerging trend. This paper expl...

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Tungsten nanoparticles were obtained from liquid-ammonia-based synthesis via reduction of WCl6 with dissolved sodium. The W(0) nanoparticles exhibit a diameter of 1-2 nm and can be dispersed in alkanes, showing a grayish-orange color due to red-shifted plasmon resonance absorption.

The solution to environmental problems associated with livestock wastes requires a broad integrated approach. The recovery of valuable products as nitrogen, has become a need in geographical areas with high animal farming density. Ammonia air stripping, combined with absorption, can remove and recover ammonia from liquid wastes. The objective of the present paper is to study the pH effect on am...

We report the use of nanotube field-effect transistor devices for chemical sensing in a conducting liquid environment. Detection of ammonia occurs through the shift of the gate voltage dependence of the source-drain current. We attribute this shift to charge transfer from adsorbed ammonia molecules, with the amount of charge estimated to be as small as 40 electrons for the smallest shift detect...

A full-scale treatment system for treatment of swine manure was developed to eliminate discharge to surface and ground waters and contamination of soil and groundwater by nutrients and heavy metals, along with related release of ammonia, odor, and pathogens. The system greatly increased the efficiency of liquid-solid separation by polymer injection to increase solids flocculation. Nitrogen mana...

Swine wastewater is characterized by high organic matter content, solids, nitrogen (expressed as total ammonia and protein) and heavy metals. This work determines the methanogenic toxicity effect of free ammonia contained in swine wastewater comparing raw swine wastewater (RW) and the liquid fraction of swine wastewater (TW). The values of IC50 (50% of inhibition) obtained for methanogenic bact...

We developed a thin-film enzymic assay for creatinine that makes use of creatinine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.21) to convert creatinine to N-methylhydantoin and ammonia. The ammonia diffuses through a semipermeable layer and is quantitated by reaction with bromphenol blue. A paired analysis of the sample on a separate coating without the enzymic reaction measures endogenous ammonia and, for sampl...