This paper addresses the problem of lip segmentation in color space that is a crucial issue to a successful lip-reading system. We present a new segmentation approach to lip contour extraction by taking account of the maximum a posterior Markov random field (MAPMRF) framework. We first examine various color models and select a simple color transform derived from LUX and 1976 CIELAB color space ...

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the increasing popularity of smart devices, human-computer interaction technology has become a multimedia and multimode technology from being computer-focused to people-centered. Among all ways of human-computer interactions, using language to interact with machines is the most convenient and efficient one. However, the performance of au...

A speech recognition system has three major components: feature extraction, probabilistic modelling of features and classification. In literature, the general approach is to extract the principle components of the lip movement in terms of the lip shape based properties in order to establish a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes of speech and visemes of lip shape. Several modelling and cl...

Lip contour extraction was a useful technique for obtaining a mouth shape in an image, and was one of the most important techniques for human-machine interface applications, such as lip reading and speech recognition. In this paper, a new method to extract lip contour from video was propose based on the fact that the lip color and skin-color was varied in the different color spaces. We first ex...

One way to determine whether consumers understand a document is to use a readability formula to assign it a score.' These formulas calculate readability by counting such variables as the number of words and syllables in a passage or document. The idea of readability formulas has been defined as "an equation which combines those text features that best predict text difficulty. The equation is us...

Speech perception for both hearing and deaf people involves an integrative process between auditory and lip-reading information. In order to disambiguate information from lips, manual cues from Cued Speech may be added. Cued Speech (CS) is a system of manual aids developed to help deaf people to clearly and completely understand speech visually (Cornett, 1967). Within this system, both labial a...

Pulse oximetry is an important non-invasive means of determining oxygen saturation in both animals and humans. However, it has not been standardized small ruminants. Hence, the present study envisages standardization pulse goats. Briefly, 36 respiratory affected goats were evaluated against healthy for at different sites (Pinnae, lower lip tip tail). The resistant to allow probes be placed lip....

The previously cloned Bacillus subtilis lipase gene (lip) was mapped on the chromosome and used in the construction of a B. subtilis derivative totally devoid of any lip sequence. Homologous overexpression was performed in this strain by subcloning the lip open reading frame on a multicopy plasmid under the control of a strong gram-positive promoter. A 100-fold overproducing strain was obtained...

In this paper, a robust and fast approach to lip detecting and lip-reading is presented. The approach combines the information of lip color with the geometrical features of lips in human face. This technique makes it possible to derive lip regions in real time under regular illumination conditions. The experimental results with more than 2000 images have shown that the approach to locating lips...

This chapter describes learning techniques that are the basis of a "visual speech recognition" or "lipreading" system 1 • Model-based vision systems currently have the best performance for many visual recognition tasks. For geometrically simple domains, models can sometimes be constructed by hand using CAD-like tools. Such models are difficult and expensive to construct, however, and are inadeq...