Discovery of loose data linkages between data services can help on-demand Web data integration in accordance with situation changes. However, we met the uncertainty challenge when discovering such data linkages with current automatic matchers. To handle the uncertainty problem, this paper develops a synthesized matching algorithm to combine the matching results from multiple automatic matchers ...

We investigate whether government subsidies to local input manufacturers encourage procurement from foreign firms. We use a comprehensive panel data of Irish firms from 1983 until 2002. Our data shows a spontaneity about linkages and relative insensitivity to grant aid, although it may be the quality rather than quantity of linkages that matters. The longevity of a foreign firm’s stay is one co...

Economic activity in different industries is linked to each other through aggregate income (horizontal linkages) and input-output relationships (vertical linkages). Could such linkages give rise to vicious circles of underdevelopment or virtuous circles of development when there are increasing returns to scale at the firm level? We show that vicious or virtuous circles based on demand linkages ...

The study conducted in the hilly region of Himachal Pradesh has revealed that the average size of operational holding in the region is small (0.69 ha) and therefore the common property resources (CPRs) assume significant importance for sustaining the livelihood of people. The ‘kuhls’ emanating water of CPRs are the main sources of irrigation. The consumption of different products from CPR lands...

A comparison has been made of the relative velocity of hydrolysis of the various peptid linkings of the gelatin molecule when hydrolyzed by acid, alkali, pepsin or trypsin. It has been found that: 1. Those linkages which are most rapidly split by pepsin or trypsin are among the more resistant to acid hydrolysis. 2. Those linkages which are hydrolyzed by pepsin are also hydrolyzed by trypsin. 3....

This study looks at the role of internal linkages in highly competitive clusters. Besides serving as a mechanism to source knowledge, we argue that strong internal linkages also represent tighter control over local innovation and higher levels of technological interdependency across locations, which allow firms to increase internalization and reduce the risk of knowledge outflow to competitors....

This paper examines the effects of different types of cross border external linkages on innovation. Using Taiwan as the empirical setting, we examine how the effects of external linkages on innovation vary depending on the type of linkages (joint Venture, licensing, acquisition, etc.) as well as the type of innovation (radical versus incremental). Our result is robust to both patents and R&D ba...

In the study of protein complexes, is there a computational method for inferring which combinations of proteins in an organism are likely to form a crystallizable complex? Here we attempt to answer this question, using the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to assess the usefulness of inferred functional protein linkages from the Prolinks database. We find that of the 242 nonredundant prokaryotic protein ...

Information-bearing nucleic acids display universal 3'-5' linkages, but regioisomeric 2'-5' linkages occur sporadically in non-enzymatic RNA synthesis and may have aided prebiotic RNA replication. Herein we report on the enzymatic synthesis of both DNA and RNA with site-specific 2'-5' linkages by an engineered polymerase using 3'-deoxy- or 3'-O-methyl-NTPs as substrates. We also report the reve...

Tam, Pui Sun—A spatial–temporal analysis of East Asian equity market linkages This paper examines East Asian equity market linkages in and out of the Asian and global financial crises using a novel econometric approach. The market dependence structure and shock transmission mechanism are explored spatially in the time domain, thus offering new insights into the dynamic regional market linkage p...