the owner of the aircraft or the enterprise which benefits from its use or operation may have civil liability for injuries to persons or property on the land or water or in the sky. regarding this liability many questions can be raised: who is the responsible person and what are the harmful acts and damages which can be resulted from using aircraft and how can harmonize the property rights of p...

one of the principles of the responsibilities is that responsibility is personal. the principle of vezr denotes that responsibility is personal. but sometimes there is a vicarious liability. in french law until 1991 the vicarious liability was un exception and the article of 1384 of civil code of french has been interpreted limitedly. from 1991the exception has been changed into the principle. ...

This Article seeks to explore previously unexamined differences between the negligence and strict liability rules and thereby examine whether medical liability reform is required. The main thesis is that negligence as a basis for liability entails a unique mechanism, which is essentially different than the strict liability mechanism, and is more efficient for several reasons related to the lega...

legal persons can also be responsible for compensation. they can also be reponsable for others acts. these legal persons are responsible for their own actions and responsibilities of employees and workers in the article 1384 of french law and iran's article 12 of civil liability (the responsibility of employee acts).this responsibility is not a new discussion. but in the books it can be se...

strict liability is the result of philosophical ideas of lawyers in front of developments in human knowledge and complexity of social relationships. strict liability the main aim is facilitation of victim's compensation, so the proof of fault is not necessary and causation is sufficient. this type of liability is justified by various foundations of economics, society and morality. in the b...

the problem of compensating victims of traffic accidents is certainly one of the most important problems of a civil liability system. on the other hand, liability insurance is the main financial safeguard for the payment of the compensation of these victims. the old iranian law in this regard was passed on 1968. it had some merits and some inconveniences. it has been replaced by the new law of ...

the problem of protecting the people injured by engine-driven means of transportation has been taken into consideration from 19th century and public rules and principles for protecting the people injured by enginedrivenmeans of transportation in different countries is not recognized as sufficient; because most of the legal systems arebased on fault and it is a difficult job to prove that fault....

when the victim contributes to the damage, the apportionment of liability is necessary, and the amount of compensation awarded to the victim should be reduced. also, when more than one person injures someone, the liability must be divided between them. but the problem is that how to apportion liability? should the liability be apportioned equally or different? and if the latter is true, how the...