Many societies became Muslim gradually, without conquest by Muslim rulers. Explanations of this process typically focus on Muslim traders, proselytizing ‘holy men’, and the conversion of ruling elites, as the limited sources suggest. Yet it cannot be assumed that Islamization always made sense for elites as a power-enhancing stratagem, or that rulers or holy men were willing or able to shape th...

Social attitudes toward women vary significantly across societies. This chapter reviews recent empirical research on various historical determinants of contemporary differences in gender roles and gender gaps across societies, and how these differences are transmitted from parents to children and therefore persist until today. We review work on the historical origin of differences in female lab...

In his 1951 Walgreen lectures published as the New Science of Politics, Eric Voegelin calls for the restoration of political science as a science of order. This restoration is necessary because political science has fallen into degenerate state as a Weberian, value-free social science concerned with "objective, value-free" measures of political phenomenon. Political science as a genuine science...

Objectives: The present study aimed to and analyze a collection of caricature artworks reflecting the artist's standpoint on introducing addressing terrorism. It also sought provide insights recommendations potential use art in countering terrorism contemporary society.
 Methods: Researchers employed descriptive analytical design, which is most appropriate scientific method for studying sa...