Germinated ascospores of Physconia distorta on an inorganic medium were grown on an enriched medium (Lilly–Barnet medium with 4% glucose), on which they produced swollen hyphae which included numerous lipid droplets. Secondary metabolites extracted from the cultured fungus were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Analyses of superficial compounds establishe...

The chemical structures of the glucans, galactoglucomannans and galactomannoglucans of two species of the Cladonia, section Cocciferae, Cladonia miniata and Cladonia salmonea, were determined and compared. alpha-D-Glucans of the nigeran type were isolated from both species, in common with all Cladonia spp., along with galactoglucomannans containing (1-->6)-linked main-chains of alpha-D-Manp uni...

Cyanobacterial diversity in soil crusts has been extensively studied in arid lands of temperate regions, particularly semi-arid steppes and warm deserts. Nevertheless, Arctic soil crusts have received far less attention than their temperate counterparts. Here, we describe the cyanobacterial communities from various types of soil crusts from Svalbard, High Arctic. Four soil crusts at different d...

The number of Fungi is estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million. Lichenized species are thought to make up a comparatively small portion of this figure, with unrecognized species richness hidden among little-studied, tropical microlichens. Recent findings, however, suggest that some macrolichens contain a large number of unrecognized taxa, increasing known species richness by an order of magnitud...

The species delimitation in fungi is currently in flux. A growing body of evidence shows that the morphology-based species circumscription underestimates the number of existing species. The large and ever growing number of DNA sequence data of fungi makes it possible to use these to identify potential cases of hidden species, which then need to be studied with extensive taxon samplings. We used...

Coevolutionary theory predicts that the distribution of obligately symbiotic organisms will be determined by the dispersal ability and ecological range of both partners. We examined this prediction for lichen-forming fungi that form obligate symbioses with cyanobacteria. We compared genotypes of both partners of 250 lichens collected at multiple spatial scales in British Columbia, Canada. Multi...

Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon was collected from Baega mountain, Jeonnam Province, Korea in 2008. It is characterized by short and slender podetia with verruculose surface, split along the sides. Apothecia large, pale brown, always growing on the top of the podetia. Primary squamules shell-like, thick, and convex. Fumarprotocetraric acid contained in thallus. This is the first reco...