There are both positive and negative aspects to liberalisation policies.Liberalisation policies are no less important than any other kind of economic policies, and so it can only be healthy that what was formerly an obscure and technocratic process has moved to centrestage politically. What’s more, economic development and the alleviation of poverty are now key political priorities in further l...

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the relationships between income inequality and growth, trade policy and growth, and growth and poverty. We contribute to this literature by exploring the relationships between inequality, trade liberalisation, growth and poverty in a sample of exclusively developing countries. We find moderately robust evidence for a negative effect of inequali...

In this paper, we discuss the choice and use of benchmarks in each of five areas relevant to an assessment of the progress of EU electricity sector liberalisation. These areas are market design, market power, EU enlargement, regulation, and sustainability. Our aim is to discuss the most important benchmarks for each area, and to do so in the context of that area. Where a benchmark can be used a...

It is axiomatic that the potential of FDI to act as a catalyst for economic development varies by its motivation, and the competence level and scope of foreign-owned affiliates. This chapter seeks to examine the effect of regional integration (RI) on MNE strategies while acknowledging other globalisation-related developments. We examine MNE strategies in developing countries in four scenarios; ...

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Abstract This article explores the process and impact of liberalisation on legal profession in England Wales. Liberalisation brings a tendency to consider market-focused terms, with professional–client relationship reconfigured overtly economic fashion as constituting interaction supply demand. The examines past present structure profession, arguments for manifestations efforts. Having identifi...

The authors gratefully acknowledge support for the preparation of this report from the Directorate General for Development (DGVIII) of the European Commission. However, the views expressed and any errors or omissions are those of the authors and not of DGVIII.

R ECENT studies (Borensztein and Ostry, 1996; Chow, 1993; and World Bank, 1997) document that the rapid growth in China since the early 1980s is accompanied by productivity increase in labour and capital. Evidence on the improvement in industrial productivity of state and collective sectors (Chen et al., 1988a and 1988b, Jefferson, 1989; and Jefferson, Rawski and Zheng, 1992 and 1994) was contr...

Introduction & Context Trade by its very nature enables specialisation, exploits economies of scale, and generates competition in markets. This results in efficient allocation of resources and enhancement of productivity, which are at the heart of economic progress. Some highlights from recent studies on trade liberalisation and its impact on economic growth and development are as follows: • A ...