Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) or dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum is a rare benign lesion of uncertain pathogenesis characterized by overgrowth of cerebellar ganglion cells which replace granular cells and Purkinje cells; this results in gross thickening of the cerebellar folia. It is revealed by symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, cerebellar impairment and obstructive hydrocep...

A 57-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism, hysterectomy and depression presented to the emergency department (ED) with 3 months of progressive vertigo, ataxia and posterior headache. The patient denied fever, weight loss, vision difficulty or trauma. The patient was directed to the ED because of an abnormal outpatient MRI done earlier that day obtained by her family physician. The pa...

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar disorder believed to be pathognomonic for Cowden syndrome. Presently, the only known etiology is germline PTEN mutation. We report a 41-yr-old white female diagnosed with LDD and wild-type for PTEN. Exome sequencing revealed a germline heterozygous EGFR mutation that breaks a disulfide bond in the receptor's extracellular domain, resulting in ...

Long-distance dispersal (LDD) promotes the colonization of isolated and remote habitats, and thus it has been proposed as a mechanism for explaining the distributions of many species. Birds are key LDD vectors for many sessile organisms such as plants, yet LDD beyond local and regional scales has never been directly observed nor quantified. By sampling birds caught while in migratory flight by ...

Darier's disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant inherited genodermatosis which is often under- or misdiagnosed. In the majority of cases, the disease manifests in adolescents or young adults with small brownish-yellow, warty, hyperkeratotic papules in multiple seborrheic areas of the body. Localized DD (LDD) is a clinical variant, first described by Kreibich in 1906; only a few cases are reporte...

Knowing the geographical origin of economically important plants is important for genetic improvement and conservation, but has been slowed by uneven geographical sampling where relatives occur in remote areas of difficult access. Less biased species sampling can be achieved when herbarium collections are included as DNA sources. Here, we address the history of Cucurbitaceae, one of the most ec...

Farhad Assarzadegan, Atoosa Gharib, Shirin Behbahani, Meysam Ebrahimi-Abyaneh 1 Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scienc...

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare condition that causes massive lymphadenopathy, most commonly in the cervical area. Cowden syndrome (CS) hamartomas skin and mucosa predisposes individuals to various malignancies. Lhermitte-Duclos (LDD), or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, often associated with CS. A 41-year-old female all three conditions presented abnormal uterine bleeding endometrial...