In this article, the aim of the authors is to study the role of repetition in creating music and parallelism in Nimayee poems in the three collections of poems by Mehdi Akhavan Sales: Zamestan, Akhere Shahname and Az Avesta. Accordingly, the researchers have investigated the various manners of repetition in creating parallelism in the poems at three levels: phonological parallelism, lexical par...

This paper describes SimpLex,1 a Lexical Simplification system that participated in the English Lexical Simplification shared task at SemEval-2012. It operates on the basis of a linear weighted ranking function composed of context sensitive and psycholinguistic features. The system outperforms a very strong baseline, and ranked first on the shared task.

This  qualitative  study  investigates  the  uses  of  be  in  Contemporary  English.  Based  on  this  study, one  easy  claim  and  one  more  difficult  claim  are  proposed.  The  easy  claim  is  that  the  traditional distinction between be as a lexical verb and be as an auxiliary is faulty. In particular, 'copular-be', traditionally considered to be a lexical verb, is in fact a prototypi...

There has been a considerable suggestion in the literature that syntactic adaptation of a text would simplify it. This empirical study determined that the complexity of the syntax does not significantly affect the level of reading comprehension. While a complete conceptual and lexical analysis may be necessary for reading comprehension, a thorough syntactic analysis is not. This should be true ...

In the context of NLP tasks such as text simplification, lexicons containing information about semantically related words are an important resource for evaluating the quality of the system output. Existing resources containing lexical substitutes have been built with a focus on single words. In this paper, we present a lexical substitution dataset for Portuguese nominal compounds. The compounds...

This paper presents the systems we developed while participating in the first task (English Lexical Simplification) of SemEval 2012. Our first system relies on n-grams frequencies computed from the Simple English Wikipedia version, ranking each substitution term by decreasing frequency of use. We experimented with several other systems, based on term frequencies, or taking into account the cont...

Sentence simplification aims to reduce the reading complexity of a sentence by incorporating more accessible vocabulary and sentence structure. In this chapter we examine the process of lexical substitution and particularly the role that word sense disambiguation plays in this task. Most previous work substitutes difficult words using a predefined dictionary. We present the challenges faced dur...

In this paper we introduce a new lexical simplification approach. We extract over 30K candidate lexical simplifications by identifying aligned words in a sentencealigned corpus of English Wikipedia with Simple English Wikipedia. To apply these rules, we learn a feature-based ranker using SVMrank trained on a set of labeled simplifications collected using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Using human si...

Complex Word Identification (CWI) is an important task in lexical simplification and text accessibility. Due to the lack of CWI datasets, previous works largely depend on Simple English Wikipedia and edit histories for obtaining ‘gold standard’ annotations, which are of mixed quality, and limited to English only. We collect complex words/phrases (CP) for English, German and Spanish, annotated b...

In this paper, we describe an approach to annotate the propositions in the Penn Chinese Treebank. We describe how diathesis alternation patterns can be used to make coarse sense distinctions for Chinese verbs as a necessary step in annotating the predicate-structure of Chinese verbs. We then discuss the representation scheme we use to label the semantic arguments and adjuncts of the predicates....