Abstract The languages of the Balkans are a rich source data on contact-induced language change. result centuries long process lexical and structural convergence has been referred to as ‘sprachbund’. While widely applied, this notion has, however, increasingly questioned with respect its usefulness. Addressing linguistic makeup Balkan languages, sprachbund is critically assessed. It shown that ...

We formulate and study the requirement on an allocation rule that no agent should be able to benefit by augmenting his endowment through borrowing resources from the outside world (alternatively, by simply exaggerating it). We show that the Walrasian rule is not “borrowing-proof” even on standard domains. More seriously, no efficient selection from the endowments-lower-bound correspondence, or ...

Although lexical borrowing is an important aspect of language evolution, there have been few attempts to automate the identification borrowings in datasets. Moreover, none solutions which proposed so far identify across multiple languages. This study proposes a new method for task and tests it on newly compiled large comparative dataset 48 South-East Asian languages from Southern China. ...

Why do some international courts and judges extensively borrow from other international courts while others do not? Answers to this question have important implications for debates on transjudicial communication, the diffusion of international legal norms, and international judicial behavior. Judges may use external sources because they help improve decisions or because it fits their ideologica...

Abstract The paper discusses the etymological connection between Amuric * alr ‘berry’ and Mongolic alïr-su/n ‘lingonberry’. two items represent common root alïr must reflect a trace of language contact. However, unlike several other lexical shared by Mongolic, this word is not attested in Tungusic, except as very late localized secondary borrowing from Mongolic. This means that may be due to re...

This article reviews the breadth of influence Arabic on languages Nusantara, from early arrival Islam in archipelago to modern era. Focusing both linguistics and culture, we pay attention precolonial exchanges, regional – particular Bima, Sasak, Javanese, Sundanese, Bugis recent Islamic culture development technological products, financial systems, lifestyles contemporary Indonesia. From era er...

As a country where more than 85 languages are spoken, Ethiopia framed, in its Education and Training Policy of 1994, which was revised 2021, the right to use mother tongue primary education. Following this, around 33 implemented schools as Medium Instruction (MoI). Gamo is one used MoI education taught subject up high school. This functional expansion into required textbook preparation, accordi...