This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

In this paper, we propose a vibration damping optimization algorithm to solve a fuzzy mathematical model for the single-item capacitated lot-sizing problem. At first, a fuzzy mathematical model for the single-item capacitated lot-sizing problem is presented. The possibility approach is chosen to convert the fuzzy mathematical model to crisp mathematical model. The obtained crisp model is in the...

minimizing production costs for a certain amount of product is one of the main concerns for managers of agricultural and animal husbandry units. much of the cost of a unit of livestock (almost 75%) is related to methods of nutrition and ration. accordingly, using some methods to reduce costs, including methods of mathematical programming, is required. the linear programming model was used as th...

responsibility in demand networks is one of the most important measures of performance. the concept of agility and flexibility in service and production. variety and changes in demand need more flexible network design that can cope with potential shortage and delay. this paper presents new mathematical model to optimize the design of demand network when there are highly variable demands. it als...

There are varieties of QFD combination forms available that can help management to choose the right model for his/her types of problem. The proposed MOCC-QFD-FMEA model is a right model to include variety of objectives as well as the risk factors into the model of the problem. Due to the fact that the model also takes into consideration the concept of Fuzzy set, it further allows management...

an analysis of the stages of crop growth presents an important step in the improvement of production management. through growth analysis, planning for planting systems, fertilization, pruning operations, harvest time as well as obtaining economical yield can be more accessible. therefore, a development of mathematical models simulating plant growth would be helpful in improving crop management,...