Given mounting evidence for working memory impairments in dyslexia, letter reversals during rapid automatic letter naming (phonological loop) or rapid automatic letter writing (orthographic loop) may reflect momentary inefficiency of working memory. Few of the children, with or without dyslexia, in a multi-generational family genetics study, produced reversals, but those with dyslexia produced ...

Emergent literacy consists of the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to reading and writing. This article offers a preliminary typology of children's emergent literacy skills, a review of the evidence that relates emergent literacy to reading, and a review of the evidence for linkage between children's emergent literacy environments and the development of emergen...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the use of letter writing as a technique to assist patients in adjusting to an altered body image after dramatic cancer treatment. DATA SOURCES Published articles and books. DATA SYNTHESIS Gestalt therapy, psychosynthesis, and journaling techniques evolve into a technique that can assist patients who are challenged to accept altered body parts. CONCLUSIONS D...

This study examined a 24-year-old patient with delayed encephalopathy, who was admitted to hospital with complaints of headache and visual impairment 1 week after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The results of a visual field assessment, electroencephalography and head magnetic resonance imaging indicated damage to the cerebral cortex. After a 2-week treatment period, the patient had recovered ...

BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN READING AND SPELLING HAS PROVIDED EVIDENCE FOR THE ROLE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS IN LETTER WRITING: letter shapes, letter case, and abstract letter identities. We report on the results of an fMRI investigation designed to identify the neural substrates of these different representational types. Using an fMRI adaptation ...

In handwriting the drawing or copying of an individual letter involves a process of linearising whereby the form of the letter is broken down into a temporal sequence of strokes for production. In experienced writers, letters are produced consistently using the same production methods that are economic in terms of movement. This regularity permits a rule-based description of such production pro...

Advocacy is an essential skill in the practice of paediatrics, where much of the work covers aspects of health as well as disease and where cross-agency work is common. Educationally, advocacy is best taught using a competency based approach and the key knowledge, skills and attitudes are defined. Central to the knowledge field is the evidence base for advocacy, and the UN Convention on the Rig...

prose writing was a popular practice in pre-islamic period as well as in islamic one but arabic prose matured in islamic period, so that, underlay islamic civilization and the influence of the holy quran, it was gradually changed and lost some of its primitive qualities. the changes are related not only to these of a new vocabulary and structure but of the content،subject matter and the ways of...

Writing and perceiving letters are thought to share similar neural substrates; however, what constitutes a neural representation for letters is currently debated. One hypothesis is that letter representation develops from sensorimotor experience resulting in an integrated set of modality-specific regions, whereas an alternative account suggests that letter representations may be abstract, indep...