skin lesions were found in two 3–4-year-old holstein cows in a dairy farm in shiraz. lesions were distributed mostly around the neck, forelimbs, hindlimbs, and bilateral of midline portion and varied from nodule-like structure to patch with extensive accumulation of crust. skin scraping samples were taken from each animal and direct smears were prepared, stained with giemsa and observed under a...

OBJECTIVE Morphological changes of recent small subcortical infarcts are not well defined. The purpose of the present study was to describe the MRI characteristics of the evolution for this stroke subtype. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts according to the ASCO classification with baseline and follo...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate using lesion washout (WO) volume fraction as a biomarker to improve the characterization of suspicious breast lesions. Study lesions consisted of a total of 60 malignant tumors (BI-RADS 6) and 62 suspicious lesions (BI-RADS 4 or 5). The biopsies of these suspicious lesions resulted in a total of 30 malignant tumors and 32 benign lesions, respectively, y...

BACKGROUND Tissue expanders have become established instruments for scalp reconstruction. However, selection of the size of the expander has not been investigated systematically, and it generally depends on the experience of the surgeon. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients who had undergone treatment for scalp lesions using tissue expanders without any complications and measured 2...

OBJECTIVE To apply the lesion method to assess neuroanatomical substrates for judgments of forearm orientation from proprioceptive cues in humans. METHODS Participants were 15 subjects with chronic unilateral brain lesions and stable behavioural deficits, and 14 neurologically normal controls. Subjects aligned the forearm to earth fixed vertical and trunk fixed anterior-posterior (A-P) axes (...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac surgery carries a high risk of neurological complications; therefore, these patients would be an appropriate target population for neuroprotective strategies. In this study, we evaluated postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as a potential surrogate marker for brain embolism and its relationship to neurobiochemical markers of brain injury. METHODS Of a ...

This paper describes an intensity-based method for the segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in dual-echo PD and T2-weighted magnetic resonance brain images. The method consists of two stages: feature extraction and image analysis. For feature extraction, we use a ratio filter transformation on the proton density (PD) and spinspin (T2) data sequences to extract the white matter, cerebrospi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apraxia of speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor planning and programming of speech articulation and is often considered an important stroke syndrome, localizable to Broca's area. However, an influential study raised doubts on this localization and reported that AOS is attributable to lesions of the anterior insula, based on an association between chronic AOS and anterio...

paragangliomas in the head and neck are found typically in the region of the carotid body, jugular body, and along the 9th and 10th cranial nerves. they can occur in multicenteric forms, but generally, laryngeal paragangliomas are not found in these patients. only two cases of laryngeal paraganglioma have been reported with a synchronous lesion elsewhere. we report an additional case of a 34-ye...

The size of a lesion is a feature often used in computer-aided detection systems for classification between benign and malignant lesions. However, size of a lesion presented by its area might not be as reliable as volume of a lesion. Volume is more independent of the view (CC or MLO) since it represents three dimensional information, whereas area refers only to the projection of a lesion on a t...