BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tooth extraction as a part of orthodontic treatment plan to create space for leveling and aligning teeth or causing tooth movement leads to changes in arch width and length. The outcome of these changes is important for the clinicians and affects the treatment and retention plans. Despite some previous studies, data in this regard are still scarce and further investigation i...

Tooth areas correlate significantly with long bone measurements in a skeletal population of rhesus monkeys from Cayo Santiago. Correlations are relatively large for the troop as a whole, as well as for males and females separately. Femur and humerus length measurements show the higheres correlations with tooth size.

In order to examine the relation between intra-sexual fightings and sexual maturity, observations of tooth scars on the head of sperm whales (Physeter catodon) were made collected in South Pacific Oceans during 10 to 18 March 1979 on the Nisshin maru No. 3. Tooth scars on the head were observed on 48 males based on the following four relative stages; none, indistinct, distinct and heavy. Distin...

Postnatal dental development may be used as a reference standard in the absence of exact-age information because dental variability is less than variability for other calcified structures (S. M. GARN, A. B. LEWIS, and D. L. POLACHECK, Science 128:1510, 1958; J Dent Res 38: 135-148, 1959) and is not affected much by nutritional status (S. M. GARN, A. B. LEWIS and R. S. KEREWSKY, J Dent Res 44:22...

BACKGROUND Equine incisors are subjected to continuous occlusal wear causing multiple, age related changes of the extragingival crown. It is assumed that the occlusal wear is compensated by continued tooth elongation at the apical ends of the teeth. In this study, μCT-datasets offered the opportunity to analyze the three-dimensional appearance of the extra- and intraalveolar parts of the enamel...

Damage of high-strength bolt (DHSB) is inevitable during long-term use. Such damage irreversible that may not be replaced in time, and the potential danger proven by changes mechanical properties DHSB. To investigate DHSB, this paper uses software ABAQUS to simulate stress various types DHSB under earthquake, compares with undamaged bolts (UDHSB). The results show most unfavorable position crac...