Correspondence analysis was applied to sand fly sampling in 865 stations from the Western Mediterranean basin. The position of each of 24 species was determined with respect to the bioclimatic belts. Thus, the multidimensional analyses manifest clear correlations between bioclimatic belts and their expression in the area, the phytosociological groupings, and vector species of visceral and cutan...

Leishmaniases are vector-borne infections caused by protozoa of genus Leishmania, affecting various mammals, mainly carnivores and humans. Clinical patent disease is relatively easy to be diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed by direct detection of the parasite in clinical samples. However, in subclinical cases detection of the causative agent is possible by highly sensitive diagnostic techniques ...

Background: Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection in man results in a clinical spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from cutaneous to mucosal or visceral involvement. In the present study, we have investigated the genetic variability of 18 L. amazonensis strains isolated in northeastern Brazil from patients with different clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis. Parasite DNA was ...

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the principal vectors of phleboviruses and Leishmania spp., causative agents leishmaniases. The Mediterranean fly fauna is diverse, leishmaniasis, mainly caused by infantum, endemic in Balkan countries. Despite recent entomological surveys, only some districts Kosovo have been sampled for flies, with no proof/confirmation L. infantum. This stud...

Insect vectors of Leishmaniases, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis remain human health, veterinary economic problems worldwide. Several sex pheromones molecules that contribute to mating behavior have been identified in these vectors. These chemical signals are potential alternatives traditional insecticides. This review discusses the diversity pheromone their role insect trypanosomias...