This paper discusses the security requirements of a centralized, unique electronic health record. The requirements are based on the well known principles of confidentiality and integrity, and the less discussed principles of control and legal value. Among the non-standard ethical principles, we argue that patients should not have the right to change or read their health records, against, for ex...

This paper begins with a discussion of the current legal definition of sex laid down in Corbett v Corbett. The implications of this test for three areas of the law, marriage, birth certificates and employment are then examined. Solutions from the United States of America and West Germany are studied and the suitability of similar solutions being transplanted into British law discussed.

nowadays in commercial contracts, parties communicate with together using standard forms. both the party's standards forms usually contain a description of the subject-matter, the price, the quantity and the delivery terms. such a situation is called the battle of forms. in such a case some questions are raised. does the exchange of the conflicting forms create a contract? if so, what are ...

establishing and operating private radio and television and its possible activity beside state radio and television is the selective method of administering radio and television in many countries worldwide. in legal system of iran, state run radio and television in article 44 of the constitution and interpretation of guardian council of mentioned article, establishing private radio and televisi...

when the victim contributes to the damage, the apportionment of liability is necessary, and the amount of compensation awarded to the victim should be reduced. also, when more than one person injures someone, the liability must be divided between them. but the problem is that how to apportion liability? should the liability be apportioned equally or different? and if the latter is true, how the...

although transactions are complicated and of specific variety nowadays, concern of both parties of transactions concerning probability of deservingness of each considerations is so important that all legal schools have thought about some solutions for removing that concern and creating peace of mind for both parties. islamic legal law has not ignored that important issue too, and has offered li...

This paper analyses changes in the legal protection of shareholder and creditor rights in 24 transition economies from 1990 to 1998. It documents differences in the initial conditions and a tendency towards convergence of formal legal rules as the result of extensive legal reforms. Convergence seems to be primarily the result of foreign technical assistance programmes as well as of harmonisatio...

nowadays, sport is known as a great business in trade activities and has brought huge revenues for athletes; sport teams and other sport personalities whereas large part of this revenue emanates from intellectual property rights particularly different kinds of trademarks. regarding fundamental principles and legal approaches of leading systems, this paper attempts to clarify the eminent role of...