Tanning is the process of converting raw skin and hides from different animals into a sustainable manageable material called leather. Leather making very long consists many chemical mechanical steps. The most important step whole leather tanning step, which performed commonly either by vegetable or mineral tanning. More than 85-90% chrome tanning, common type currently applied.

This article is focused on the optimization of heat radiation intensity across the surface of an aluminium mould. The mould is warmed by infrared heaters located above the mould surface, and in this way artificial leathers in the automotive industry are produced (e.g. the artificial leather on a car dashboard). This described model allows us to specify the location of infrared heaters over the ...

Introduction 1.1.20) catalyze the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds in tannic acid [1], the reaction end products is glucose and gallic acid [2,3]. The enzyme is utilized in a number of industrial applications, is extensively used in wine, beer, coffee flavored soft drinks [4] and also including the manufacture of instant tea [5]. In addition gallic acid, finds use in the dye making, and le...

As a novel polymer, polyurethane (PU) has been widely applied in leather, synthetic and textiles due to its excellent overall performance. Nevertheless, conventional PU is flammable combustion accompanied by severe melting dripping, which then generates hazardous fumes gases. This defect limits applications various fields, including the leather industry. Hence, development of environmentally fr...